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Optical Biosensors in Foodborne Pathogen Detection
Published in George K. Knopf, Amarjeet S. Bassi, Smart Biosensor Technology, 2018
Salmonella enterica: Salmonella enterica causes gastroenteritis and typhoid fever (Coburn et al. 2007; LaRock et al. 2015; Bhunia 2018). There are about 2579 Salmonella serovars. Among these serovars, about 60% belong to S. enterica subspecies enterica (subspecies I), and in the United States, 99% of reported human Salmonella isolates belong to subspecies I. The 20 most common serotypes are Enteritidis, Typhimurium, Newport, Javiana, Heidelberg, Montevideo, I 4,[5],12:i:-, Oranienburg, Saintpaul, Muenchen, Braenderup, Infantis, Thompson, Mississippi, Paratyphi B, Typhi, Agona, Schwarzengrund, Bareilly, and Hadar, which are isolated from human specimens and account for about 70% of all isolates reported in the United States. The top 100 serotypes account for about 98% of all isolates (CDC 2012). An estimated 1.2 million foodborne illnesses are thought to be caused every year by Salmonella enterica, with approximately one-third or 360,000 of those illnesses attributed to United States Department of Agriculture - Food Safety Inspection Service (USDA-FSIS)-regulated products.
The Introduction Section
Published in Scott A. Mogull, Scientific and Medical Communication, 2017
Present specific statistics or details that establish the scale of the “cost.” Be sure to provide sufficient context for the statistics. For example, “Salmonella enterica is estimated to cause 1.2 million illnesses each year in the United States.” Avoid nonspecific terms such as “large,” “many,” or “few” and generic claims that something is a problem because you (as the author) said it was a problem. Rather, you should search and cite a recent statistic from a credible source, which you can find by reading the Introductions of several similar journal articles and examining the statistics and sources those sources reference. For example, in Examples 5.2, 5.3, and 5.4, the writers of each journal article presented similar statistics of the number of infections caused by Salmonella in the United States. However, statistics vary over time as illustrated by the different number of infections mentioned in these sources (e.g., 1.2 million stated in Example 5.2 and 1.4 stated in Examples 5.3 and 5.4). Therefore, when citing a statistic, you should also provide the relevant time frame and source of the data to fully contextualize the information and avoid confusion (see Example 5.5).
Fish waste capped and colloidal nanosilver and its valorization as natural zeolite conjugates for application in aquaculture
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Kangkana Das, Kishore Kumar Krishnani, Ajay Kumar Upadhyay, Satya Prakash Shukla, Kurcheti Pani Prasad, Puja Chakraborty, Biplab Sarkar
Krishnani et al.[45] have reported antimicrobial activity of silver-ion-exchanged zeolite against E. coli, Vibrio harveyi, V. cholerae, and V. parahaemolyticus in liquid medium and agar well diffusion assays. However, they have not used silver nanoparticles. Sinha et al.,[47] reported the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using freshwater green alga Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock and their antibacterial activity by disk diffusion method with the result of the maximum zone of inhibition shown against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (17.2 mm) followed by E. coli (16.8 mm). Firdhouse and Lalitha[48] have reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaf extract of Abutilon indicum exhibiting highly potent antibacterial activity on certain microbes such as S. aureus, B. subtilis, A. hydrophila, S. typhi, and E. coli. Jo et al.[49] have reported the surface independent antibacterial coating strategy based on the fusion of MAP (Mussel adhesive proteins) derived from marine mussels to a silver-binding peptide, which can synthesize silver nanoparticles having broad antibacterial activity against Gram negative bacteria E. coli, Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Typhimurium and Shigella dysenteriae and the Gram + ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.
Production and purification of fucoxanthins and β-carotenes from Halopteris scoparia and their effects on digestive enzymes and harmful bacteria
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Farah Hadjkacem, Jihen Elleuch, Guillaume Pierre, Imen Fendri, Philippe Michaud, Slim Abdelkafi
Three bacteria species, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enterica, were used in the present study. Luria–Bertani (LB) agar medium was used for the maintenance of bacteria strains [34,35,36]. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fucoxanthin and β-carotene from H. scoparia were determined employing microdilution method, using 96-well plates, as described by Chandrasekaran and Venkatesalu [37]. Briefly, microplates, containing serial dilution of purified compounds (fucoxanthin or β-carotene), were inoculated with bacteria cultures aged of 24 h at a final concentration of 106 cfu/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was established as the lowest quantity of substances that inhibits the observed growth of the used microorganisms [37].
Preparation and characterization of dextran-zein-curcumin nanoconjugate for enhancement of curcumin bioactivity
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
N. T. S. Albogamy, Samia F. Aboushoushah, F. Aljoud, H. Organji, Nihal S. Elbialy
In nutritional broth, qualitative assessments of antimicrobial property were performed in accordance with previous studies [23–25]. The inoculation of pathogenic microorganisms used in this study were gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus & Staphylococcus epidermidis), and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). They were prepared from fresh broth cultures using nutrient broth medium (37 °C). The pathogenic strain’s inoculum size was generated to roughly 0.5 McFarland standard (1.5 × 108 CFU/ml). In plates containing 20 ml of sterile nutrient agar medium (NA), 25 µl inoculum size of each microorganism strain was separately inoculated [26].