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Land Contamination
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Bacteria are organisms made up of just one cell. They are capable of multiplying themselves through a process called “binary fission,” whereby a single bacterium grows to approximately twice its normal size and then splits into two daughter cells that are copies of the original bacterium. Bacteria live everywhere, even inside most organisms. Most bacteria are harmless, and some are beneficial by destroying other harmful bacteria within our bodies (Madigan et al. 2008). However, some may cause disease such as tuberculosis. One of the more common harmful bacteria is a group called E. coli, which is short for Escherichia coli. Most E. coli are harmless, but a strain called serotype O157:H7 can cause food poisoning in humans. Three basic shapes of bacteria exist: rounded, rod shaped, and spirals. E. coli bacteria is rod shaped. The ability for E. coli to survive for a brief period outside the body creates the potential for the bacteria to spread and infect other people. The spread of E. coli usually occurs when there is poor sanitation or when untreated sewerage is discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants, which occasionally occurs during flood events (USEPA 2009). Adverse health effects from exposure to E. coli bacteria typically include gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, skin rashes, and neonatal meningitis (USEPA 2009).
Chemistry of Contaminants
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Bacteria are organisms made up of just one cell. They are capable of multiplying themselves through a process called “binary fission,” whereby a single bacterium grows to approximately twice its normal size and then splits into two daughter cells that are copies of the original bacterium. Bacteria live everywhere, even inside most organisms. Most bacteria are harmless, and some are beneficial by destroying other harmful bacteria within our bodies (Madigan et al. 2008). However, some may cause disease such as tuberculosis. One of the more common harmful bacteria is a group called E. coli, which is short for Escherichia coli. Most E. coli are harmless, but a strain called serotype O157:H7 can cause food poisoning in humans. Three basic shapes of bacteria exist: rounded, rod shaped, and spirals. E. coli bacteria is rod shaped. The ability for E. coli to survive for a brief period outside the body creates the potential for the bacteria to spread and infect other people. The spread of E. coli usually occurs when there is poor sanitation or when untreated sewerage is discharged from municipal wastewater treatment plants, which occasionally occurs during flood events (USEPA 2009c). Adverse health effects from exposure to E. coli bacteria typically include gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, skin rashes, and neonatal meningitis (USEPA 2009c).
The antibacterial and biofilm inhibition activity of encapsulated silver nanoparticles in emulsions and its synergistic effect with E. coli bacteriophage
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Amera Elsayed, Anan Safwat, Abdallah S. Abdelsattar, Kareem Essam, Rana Nofal, Salsabil Makky, Ayman El-Shibiny
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged to be the most serious health problem in the 21st century that causes severe infections and diseases. It impaired our abilities to prevent and treat the wide range of infections caused by the bacteria.[1,2] Consequently, antimicrobial resistance is counted to be one of the global public health threats. By 2050, the number of deaths due to bacterial infections will exceed the number of deaths due to cancer-associated disease reaching around 10 million people.[3]Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped bacterium. Although almost all E. coli strains are nonpathogenic, some serotypes pose a high virulence infection in humans that is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rate over the world according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).[4] The most dispersal pathogenic serotype that causes illness is E. coli O157:H7. The infected humans with E. coli O157:H7 suffer from bloody diarrhea reaching thrombocytopenic purpura. Moreover, it can be transmitted from animal to human via the consumption of contaminated foods.[5]
A computational framework for investigating bacteria transport in microvasculature
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Peter Windes, Danesh K. Tafti, Bahareh Behkam
Gram-negative BBCT bacteria such as Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli have rod-shaped cell bodies about 2–3 µm long and 0.5–0.8 µm in diameter. They swim by alternating between two modes of motion on a time scale of (1 s)—a forward swimming mode called ‘running’ and a reorientation mode called ‘tumbling’ (Berg and Brown 1972). The most commonly used Gram-positive BBCT, Listeria monocytogenes, is also a rod-shaped bacterium of similar size but is typically non-motile at body temperature of 37 °C (Way et al. 2004). Prior theoretical (Chen et al. 1998; Zhu et al. 2013) and experimental works (Liu et al. 1997; Biondi et al. 1998) have investigated bacteria motility in glass tubes, in which bacteria are radially confined. However, computational investigation of the bacteria intracapillary transport, wherein bacteria are confined in both radial and longitudinal directions due to capillary wall and RBCs has not been attempted before.
Thermophilic bacteria from Peruvian hot springs with high potential application in environmental biotechnology
Published in Environmental Technology, 2022
Luis Felipe Valdez-Nuñez, Marco A. Rivera-Jacinto
Microbiological characterization of thermophilic bacteria is displayed in Table 3. In general, most isolates were Gram-stain-positive (some were Gram variable), rod-shaped, spore-forming bacteria, except for isolates QMS2 and QP27, which were Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming bacteria. It is worth noticing that some strains showed filamentous shapes, creating cell mass complexes (ETMB3, ETMB9, ETSS7, ETSS12, and QMS7). Colony characteristics were highly variable in form, elevation, margin, texture; and colour. All bacteria showed a general temperature range of 50–60°C with faster-growing rates (from 24 to 48 h) as well. All the isolates were positive for the catalase test (not displayed in Table 3). After the oxidase test, we found that the cytochrome c oxidase is produced by most of the isolates. The ability to use citrate as the sole carbon source was only detected in 7 bacteria. Halotolerant bacteria were also detected due to their ability to grow up to 7.5% NaCl (1.3 M). Most of the isolates produced acetoin during the Voges-Proskauer test.