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Social Aspects of Flooding
Published in Saeid Eslamian, Faezeh Eslamian, Flood Handbook, 2022
Mir Bintul Huda, Nasir Ahmad Rather, Saeid Eslamian
Rotavirus is a common cause of diarrhea in children and infants. Using routine surveillance data, Fun et al. (1991) investigated the incidence and serotype distribution of rotavirus-associated diarrhea in the 1988 floods of Bangladesh. Rotavirus diarrhea was evident throughout the year, and there were peaks during the dry winter months. Also, a peak was observed in September 1988 which coincided with the 1988 floods. Ahmed et al. (1991) used stool specimens from three hospitals to investigate rates of rotavirus before and after the 1988 floods, and an increase in the proportion of rotavirus diarrhea also seemed to correspond to the spread of the flood after August. A case-control study was conducted in Indonesia with the help of hospitals and community surveys (Katsumata et al., 1998). The flooding exposure was found to be a risk factor for the infection but how the exposure of flooding was measured was not clear.
Microbial Food-borne Diseases Due to Climate Change
Published in Javid A. Parray, Suhaib A. Bandh, Nowsheen Shameem, Climate Change and Microbes, 2022
John Mohd War, Anees Un Nisa, Abdul Hamid Wani, Mohd Yaqub Bhat
It is the basic and common reason of diarrhea in children. Rotavirus infections are associated with 2 lakh deaths in children under the age of 5 years in 2013 (Lanata et al., 2013; Walker et al., 2013). Rotavirus is a wheel-shaped, non-enveloped highly infectious double-stranded RNA virus having three concentric capsid layers with a diameter of 100 nm. It primarily spreads by direct contact and secondary transmission occurs by infected water and foods (Jothikumar et al., 2009; Logan et al., 2006). Food-borne illnesses may lead to secondary cases by inter-human transmission. The virus is present in all regions of the world. In temperate regions, it is mainly found in winter and in tropical regions, throughout the year. Rotavirus infection is characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, fever, and in rare cases hospitalization of newborns (Data sheet on food-borne biological hazards, 2012). Rotavirus infection is treated with vaccine, given in two doses with first dose between the age of 6 weeks and 14 weeks. Vaccines can reduce the cases of hospitalization and number of deaths in developing countries (WHO, 2013).
Microbiological Hazards
Published in Dag K. Brune, Christer Edling, Occupational Hazards in the Health Professions, 2020
Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Transmission occurs by the fecal-oral route. Staff members attending children with diarrhea frequently have rotavirus on their hands.366 Seriologic studies indicate a high rate of infection among the nursing staff on the infant/toddler wards.367 Characteristically, the symptoms are either mild or absent. Prevention is difficult because viral shedding can occur in asymptomatic individuals. Handwashing and cohorting of both patients and personnel are probably the best method of controlling an outbreak.
Comparison of enzyme immunoassay, latex agglutination and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for diagnosis of rotavirus in children
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Safaa Mohamad El-Ageery, Rabab Ali, Noha Tharwat Abou El-Khier, Shirien Amin Rakha, Mayada Sabry Zeid
Rotavirus is the main etiological pathogen causing diarrhea in children aged under 5 years. It is concerned in many episodes of gastroenteritis worldwide, and yearly thousands of deaths, mostly in developing countries [1] . Rotavirus is one of the Reoviridae family, and it was initially recognized by electron microscopy (EM) [2]. The virus has non-enveloped icosahedral symmetry associated with three protein layers. The viral genome is composed of 11 double-stranded RNA segments encoding six structural proteins VP1-4, VP6 and VP7 and six nonstructural proteins NSP1-6 [3]. Among these structural proteins, the VP6 contains the antigenic determinants, classifying the virus into seven serogroups of A to G, with group A being the most frequent cause of childhood diarrhea [4] .