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Chemicals from Non-hydrocarbons
Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019
A diluted solution of lime sulfur, which is produced by combining calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) with elemental sulfur in water, is used as a dip for animals to destroy ringworm fungus, mange, and other skin infections and parasite. Sulfur dioxide and various sulfites have been used for their antioxidant antibacterial preservative properties in many other parts of the food industry. The practice has declined since reports of an allergy-like reaction of some persons to sulfites in foods. Precipitated sulfur and colloidal sulfur are used, in form of lotions, creams, powders, soaps, and bath additives, for the treatment of some forms of acne and dermatitis. Magnesium sulfate (also known as epsom salts when in hydrated crystal form) can be used as a laxative, a bath additive, an exfoliant, a magnesium supplement for plants, or (when in dehydrated form) as a desiccant.
Introduction
Published in Yuli Ekowati, Protection of Public Health from Microbial and Chemical Hazards in Swimming Pool Environments, 2019
Some fungal species, filamentous fungi or yeasts, are ubiquitous in swimming pools and have been associated with adverse health effects on humans (Hilmarsdottir et al., 2005; Jankowski et al., 2017; Kamihama et al., 1997). Fungal infections in humans are commonly transmitted by direct contact, person to person contact or contact with contaminated surfaces in swimming pool facilities (e.g. floors). The epidemiology of dermatophytes in swimming pool facilities has been studied since decades (English and Gibson, 1959; Gentles and Evans, 1973). Dermatophytes are commonly causing skin, hair and nail infections (tinea or ringworm). They include members of the genera Epidermophyton, Microsporum and Trichophyton. Dermatophytes and their infections are the focus of most fungal-related publications in swimming pools (Detandt and Nolard, 1988, 1995; Hilmarsdottir et al., 2005; Kamihama et al., 1997; Shemer et al., 2016). In later years, more studies have been done focusing on the occurrence of (pathogenic) fungi in swimming pool facilities, dermatophytes and/or non-dermatophytes (Brandi et al., 2007; Buot et al., 2010; Jankowski et al., 2017; Papadopoulou et al., 2008; Viegas et al., 2011). Fungal species within the genera Aspergillus, Alternaria, Cladosporium, Penicillium, and Fusarium were frequently isolated from air, water and surfaces in swimming pool facilities (Ali-Shtayeh et al., 2003; Brandi et al., 2007; Jankowski et al., 2017; Viegas et al., 2011). Similarly, yeasts species, such as members of the genera Candida, Rhodotorula, and Trichosporon, were frequently detected in water and on surfaces in swimming pool facilities.
Diagnosis of a dermatological lesion using intelligent feature selection technique
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2018
G. Wiselin Jiji, P. Johnson Durai Raj
There are 10 classes of skin lesion from the DERM125 dataset, such as anthrax, boils, burns, acne, impetigo, itching, keloid, psoriasis, ringworm and skin cancer are experimented with the proposed system. Table 1 shows the sample images of each class. The entire system was developed using VC++ language. The images and all 66 features along with case history, symptoms and treatment plan are stored in the MS Access database for convenient retrieval. Moreover, these data have already been annotated by the dermatologist. In the DERM125 dataset totally 1450 images in which for training 200 images of the experimented class and for testing the remaining 1250 images are used. Apart from the experiment of 10 classes, all other classes are used as the test samples for measuring the rejection efficiency.
Fungal burden exposure assessment in podiatry clinics from Ireland
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2018
Carla Viegas, Ann Marie Coggins, Tiago Faria, Liliana Aranha Caetano, Anita Quintal Gomes, Raquel Sabino, Cristina Verissimo, Nigel Roberts, David Watterson, Claire MacGilchrist, Gerard T.A. Fleming
Superficial fungal infections are amongst the most common human infections (Havlickova et al. 2008). Dermatophytes, also known as the ringworm fungi, can cause infections of skin and nails. Their route of transmissions can either be through direct contact of the infected patient or by indirect contact with contaminated objects. Trichophyton rubrum and T. interdigitale (formerly identified as T. mentagrophytes) are the most common dermatophytes species isolated from toenails (Seebacher et al. 2008). Therefore, screening for the presence of dermatophytes in podiatric clinics is required to ensure that work procedures are strict enough to avoid spreading of such infections to other patients or to the podiatrist.
A retrieval system to analyse dermatological lesions using feature ortho-normalisation
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2019
G. Wiselin Jiji, P. Johnson Durai Raj
We have implemented an image retrieval system using the orthogonal PCA projection technique by fusing the Colour, Texture and Shape features. The proposed method is tested with 10 disease groups, which are Acne, Burns, Itching, Anthrax, Ringworm, Boils, Skin Cancer, Keloid, Impetigo and Psoriasis. The sample skin lesion images for few diseases are given in Table 1.