China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Clinical Considerations
Published in Anthony N. Nicholson, The Neurosciences and the Practice of Aviation Medicine, 2017
Thomas C. Britton, Andrew R. C. Cummin, Anthony N. Nicholson
Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) and the restless legs syndrome (RLS) are closely related conditions that can cause insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness. In both conditions, the cause of the excessive daytime sleepiness appears to be disruption of sleep by frequent limb movements. Patients who have more than 15 periodic limb movements per hour of sleep associated with complaints of insomnia or excessive daytime sleepiness are defined within the International Classification of Sleep Disorders as having the periodic limb movement disorder. The population prevalence of PLMS is about 5 per cent, the condition being more common in Caucasians than African Americans (Scofield et al., 2008). In the general population, PLMS is closely linked to complaints of insomnia. Although caffeine consumption is held to exacerbate the condition, the overall consumption of caffeine by such patients is not significantly different from controls.
Sleep Disorders
Published in John A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Caldwell, Fatigue in Aviation, 2016
John A. Caldwell, J. Lynn Caldwell
A similar disorder that may occur with PLMS is called Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS). This problem actually occurs while a person is awake, but the discomfort, which intensifies in the evening, prevents or delays the onset of sleep. The symptoms of RLS vary from mild tingling in the legs to severe discomfort and pain that become pronounced when the person is sitting or lying down. To eliminate or reduce the unpleasant sensations, the sufferer usually needs to move the legs, and this adversely affects sleep. Many people with RLS may also have PLMS. The treatment for both disorders is the same.
Prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep problems in an elite super rugby union team
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Ian C. Dunican, Jennifer Walsh, Charles C. Higgins, Maddison J. Jones, Kathleen Maddison, John A. Caldwell, Hillman David, Peter R. Eastwood
Restless legs syndrome is characterised by an urge to move the legs due to unpleasant sensations which are often due to inactivity and may be worse in the evening (Bliwise, 2006). Whilst RLS occurs during waking hours, it is also associated with the occurrence of periodic leg movements (PLMs) during sleep (Bliwise, 2006). To date, only two studies have determined the prevalence of RLS in athletes. Using the international restless leg study group (IRLSG) criteria to diagnose RLS (Allen et al., 2003), Fagundes et al., studied 60 marathon runners and reported a RLS prevalence rate of 13% (Fagundes, Fagundes, Luna, Bacci, & Waisberg, 2012). Tuomilehto et al., used PSG and questionnaires to study 107 professional ice hockey players and reported a prevalence rate of RLS/PLMs of 4% (Tuomilehto et al., 2016).