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Co-design and participatory methods for wellbeing
Published in Ann Petermans, Rebecca Cain, Design for Wellbeing, 2019
People affected by Parkinson’s disease can experience significant impairments in their quality of life. A number of contributing factors exist, but one construct increasingly seen as important in positively affecting quality and life, is ‘perceived control’ (Rotter, 1990). Perceived control in relation to an illness such as Parkinson’s disease can be defined as an individual’s belief in their ability to control the progress of the disease generally and symptoms more specifically (Eccles et al., 2011; Delaney et al., 2012). Evidence also suggests that control can be manipulated therapeutically, with concomitant effects on psychological wellbeing (Weiss et al., 2016). Play and playfulness can add joy to life, relieve stress, supercharge learning, stimulate the mind, boost creativity and connect us to others and the world around us (Gordon, 2014). Play has the potential to foster greater motivation by satisfying three fundamental human needs: the needs for competence, autonomy and relatedness (Tieben et al., 2014). Growing evidence from research reveals that playfulness could serve to promote physical and emotional health, subjective wellbeing as well as greater levels of physical activity in later life (Staempfli, 2007; Fozard et al., 2009; Proyer, 2014; Van Vleet & Feeney, 2015).
Fractal Dimensions Analysis and Morphological Investigation of Nanomedicine by Machine-Learning Methods
Published in Omari V. Mukbaniani, Tamara N. Tatrishvili, Marc J. M. Abadie, Science and Technology of Polymers and Advanced Materials, 2019
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that affects movement. It develops gradually, sometimes starting with a barely noticeable tremor in just one hand. But while a tremor may be the most well-known sign of Parkinson’s disease, the disorder also commonly causes stiffness or slowing of movement. In Parkinson’s disease, certain nerve cells (neurons) in the brain gradually break down or die. Many of the symptoms are due to a loss of neurons that produce a chemical messenger in your brain called dopamine. When dopamine levels decrease, it causes abnormal brain activity, leading to signs of Parkinson’s disease. Figure 25.2 (a), represent a side-section of the brain. The side-section on the left picture shows the involved region of brain in Parkinson’s disease, and the right side picture represents a brain neurons with defective transfer of dopamine in a person with Parkinson’s disease.
Electrochemical Properties of Nanoporous Based Materials
Published in Mahmood Aliofkhazraei, Advances in Nanostructured Composites, 2019
Tebogo P. Tsele, Abolanle S. Adekunle, Omolola E. Fayemi, Lukman O. Olasunkanmi, Eno E. Ebenso
Dopamine is one of the most important neurotransmitters and is present in mammalian central nervous system (Sawa and Snyder 2002). Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit a message from one neuron to the next (Michael and Wightman 1999). Dopamine is a catecholamine in the form of the large organic cations and belongs to the family of excitatory chemical cardiovascular, renal and hormonal system (Velasco and Luchsinger 1998, Mo and Ogorevc 2001). In humans, a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain has been known well to play a critical role in Parkinson’s disease (Agid et al. 1987). Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative disease of the nervous system associated with trembling of the arms and legs, stiffness and rigidity of the muscle and slowness of movement.
Caloric and galvanic vestibular stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: rationale and prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Parkinson’s disease is a form of neuro-degeneration that causes tremor, slowness of movement, muscle rigidity and postural instability as well as debilitating non-motor symptoms including insomnia, speech and memory loss, chronic pain, incontinence, excessive sweating, eating and swallowing difficulties, depression and anxiety [41]. Although of only passing relevance here, emerging evidence suggests that the difficulties with posture, gait, and in making saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movements partly reflects an underlying vestibular disorder [42]. The disease is the fastest growing neurological condition; from 1990 to 2015 the number of people with Parkinson’s doubled to 6 million and is expected to double again by 2040 [43]. The disease is incurable although the motor symptoms can be partly managed pharmacologically, especially in the early stages. The non-motor symptoms are much more difficult to manage, both because of their pharmacological complexity and because they may not be disclosed by patients and/or are not fully recognized or appreciated by clinicians [41]. Yet emerging evidence suggests that for many individuals the non-motor symptoms are the major determinant of quality of life, incurring significant health and social care costs [44,45].
A novel instrumented walker for individualized visual cue setting for gait training in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Published in Assistive Technology, 2020
Hsiao-Kuan Wu, Huang-Ren Chen, Wei-Ying Chen, Chia-Feng Lu, Mei-Wun Tsai, Chung-Huang Yu
Patients with Parkinson’s disease exhibit cardinal motor symptoms, such as resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, hypokinesia and posture instability (Olanow & Tatton, 1999). The progression of this disorder leads to gait disturbances, such as shuffling, festination, freezing of gait (FOG), and turning “en bloc” (Hausdorff, 2009; Jankovic, 2008). From a biomechanical standpoint, the Parkinsonian gait includes a short stride length, fast cadence, slow walking speed, prolonged double-stance phase, and decreased arm swing (Knutsson & Martensson, 1971; Morris, Iansek, Matyas, & Summers, 1994; Morris, McGinley, Huxham, Collier, & Iansek, 1999). As the disorder progresses, ambulation becomes very difficult or too dangerous, and patients may be confined to a wheelchair or bed (Chapuis, Ouchchane, Metz, Gerbaud, & Durif, 2005; Moore, Peretz, & Giladi, 2007).
Evaluation of the controlled grip force exertion tasks associated with age, gender, handedness and target force level
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2018
Kyeong-Hee Choi, Dae-Min Kim, Sung-Yong Lee, Jun-Hyub Lee, Yong-Ku Kong
Parkinson’s disease is a motor system disorder usually occurring in elderly people over the age of 60 years. Most patients diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease experience movement disorders such as hand tremors and slow movement [3]. Hand motor function is easily disturbed in Parkinson’s disease and may cause serious handicap. Impaired hand function is difficult to determine using common clinical measures such as the unified Parkinson’s disease rating scale (UPDRS) because detecting the minute changes in motor function observed in the early stages of the disease process is difficult [4]. In addition, most of the evaluation tools tend to rely on self-reports by patients which increases the difficulty for making a fast and accurate diagnosis and evaluation of the disease severity based on initial symptoms.