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Emerging Trends in Nanotechnology for Diagnosis and Therapy of Lung Cancer
Published in Alok Dhawan, Sanjay Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Rishi Shanker, Nanobiotechnology, 2018
Nanda Rohra, Manish Gore, Sathish Dyawanapelly, Mahesh Tambe, Ankit Gautam, Meghna Suvarna, Ratnesh Jain, Prajakta Dandekar
mAbs bound to a chemotherapeutic drug (chemolabeled) or a radioactive particle (radiolabeled) are called conjugated monoclonal antibodies (American Chemical Society 2016a). These mAbs attach themselves to cancer-specific antigens and deliver the drug molecules or radioactive particles to the target areas, thereby reducing the damage to healthy tissues. Conjugated mAbs are also known as tagged, labeled, or loaded antibodies. Treatment with radiolabeled mAbs is also called radioimmunotherapy (RIT) (American Chemical Society 2016a). Bavituximab is a chemolabeled mAb given in combination with docetaxel, which targets an immune-suppressing molecule in tumors and is being evaluated in a phase III trial for patients with late-stage nonsquamous NSCLC (American Chemical Society 2016c). Bavituximab in combination with carboplatin-paclitaxel in phase II trials demonstrated an objective response rate (ORR) of 41%, median PFS of 6 months, and median overall survival (OS) of 12 months in patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC in an open label study (Digumarti et al. 2014).
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Radioimmunotherapy uses an antibody labeled with a radionuclide to deliver cytotoxic radiation to a target cell. In cancer therapy, an antibody with specificity for a tumor-associated antigen is used to deliver a lethal dose of radiation to the tumor cells. The ability for the antibody to specifically bind to a tumor-associated antigen increases the dose delivered to the tumor cells while decreasing the dose to normal tissues. By its nature, RIT requires a tumor cell to express an antigen that is unique to the neoplasm or is not accessible in normal cells.
Progress in large field-of-view interventional planar scintigraphy and SPECT imaging
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Martijn M.A. Dietze, Hugo W.A.M de Jong
Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (PRRT) [16,17] and radioimmunotherapy (RIT) [18,19] are forms of radionuclide therapy that target tumor cells by binding radioisotopes with tumor receptors and antigens, respectively. This specific binding to the tumor cells (instead of normal cells) accomplishes a relatively local deposition of radiation. PRRT and RIT are normally performed by an intravenous administration. It has, however, for these procedures been proposed to instead inject the radiopharmaceuticals intra-arterially in a procedure done in the operation room [20–22]. The hypothesis is that the deposition of radiopharmaceuticals close to the tumors increases their relative uptake (the ‘first-pass effect’), which in turn increases the dose to the tumors and decreases the dose to healthy tissue.
One-pot synthesis and characterization of Schiff base macrocyclic complexes as a potential bioactive core – a review
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
J. P. Remiya, T. S. Sikha, B. Shyni
Metal complexes of Schiff base macrocyclic ligands are synthetic models for biologically occurring macrocycles such as metal-containing sites in metalloproteins or enzymes [7]. These discoveries provided the inspiration to design and synthesize macrocyclic compounds to explore the abnormal properties such as spectral, structural, mechanistic, electrochemical, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of cyclic metal complexes [8]. The ability of macrocyclic ligands to coordinate different metal ions is utilized as therapeutic agents at the intersection of bioinorganic chemistry, anticorrosives in industries and in synthetic organic chemistry. The metal-oxygen, metal-nitrogen and metal-sulfur bonded macrocyclic compounds are effective as stereospecific catalysts for hydrolysis, oxidation, epoxidation, reduction and biocidal activity [9–11]. In monoclonal antibody technology, macrocyclic complexes of radioisotopes are conjugated to proteins, yielding drugs for radioimmunotherapy and other medicinal applications [12–15]. Particular interest has centered upon the use of macrocyclic compounds as luminescent sensors for photodynamic therapy and biomedical diagnostics [16], as dyes and pigments [17] and as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents [18].
A Survey of Extraction Chromatographic f-Element Separations Developed by E. P. Horwitz
Published in Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 2020
Erin R. Bertelsen, Jessica A. Jackson, Jenifer C. Shafer
Among the most commonly considered isotopes for radioimmunotherapy are 131I, 90Y, and 186Re.[75] The lanthanides have received attention for radioimmunotherapy due to their unique nuclear properties, primarily their half-lives and beta decay energies. Of the lanthanides, 177Lu (t1/2 = 6.647 d) is of particular interest because it is chemically analogous to 90Y. The maximum beta energy from 177Lu is much lower (498.3 keV, 79.4%) than that of 90Y (2280.1 keV, >99.9%). This would allow for a decrease in the destruction of healthy cells not targeted by the peptide or antibody associated with the radionuclide.[75]