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Japanese Approach to Validation
Published in James Agalloco, Phil DeSantis, Anthony Grilli, Anthony Pavell, Handbook of Validation in Pharmaceutical Processes, 2021
Satoshi Sugimoto, Mitsuo Mori, Kiyoshi Mochizuki, Keisuke Nishikawa, Takuji Ikeda, Yusuke Matsuda, Hiroaki Nakamura, Yasuhito Ikematsu
In addition, “the JP, General information of Quality Control of Water for Pharmaceutical Use”5 describes Microbiological Monitoring in detail. It is useful for microbiological monitoring to use the R2A Agar Medium, which is excellent for growing bacteria of oligotrophic type and can detect a wide range of bacteria including slow-growing microorganisms. In the media growth promotion test with the R2A Agar Medium, use the type strains of Methylobacterium extorqus and Pseudomonas fluorescens or equivalent to these strains. Prior to the test, inoculate these strains into sterile purified water and starve them at 20°C–25°C for 3 days.
The role of hygrodynamic resistance compared to biofilm formation in helping pathogenic bacteria dominate air-conditioning units recovered from odour problems
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Wing Lam Chan, Liwen Luo, Haoxiang Wu
To determine the density of biofilm formed by the three isolated bacteria, sterile glass bottles with three pieces of aluminum fin coupons inside each bottle were filled with 20 mL of 1% Luria Bertani solution in order to mimic the nutrient-limited condition in ACUs. Appropriate volume of bacterial solutions was separately transferred into the 1% LB solution of each glass bottle to reach the bacterial density of 1106 cfu/mL. The glass bottles were then incubated at 10, 20 and 30°C in an incubator with shaker at 150 rpm, respectively, to investigate impact of the temperature cycle of ACUs on the biofilm formation of bacteria for 24 h [15]. After 24 h incubation, the coupon was taken out from each incubation bottle and gently washed with PBS solution to remove the loosely attached bacteria [15,16]. Bacteria attached on the surface were transferred into 3 mL of PBS solution and sonicated for 5 min to detach the biofilm into the PBS solution [15,17]. An appropriate dilution of the detached sample was then spread immediately onto R2A agar plates [18], and incubated at 30°C for 24 h (72 h for M. organphilum). The number of colonies formed was counted to determine the cell density of the biofilm formed by the isolated bacteria. The test was performed in triplicates.
Isolation, characterization and growth kinetics of phenol hyper-tolerant bacteria from sewage-fed aquaculture system
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Lucky Nandi, Ashis Kumar Panigrahi, Nilanjan Maitra, Asoke Prasun Chattopadhyay, Sanjib Kumar Manna
Ten grams of each pooled sediment sample was suspended in sterile 0.85% saline solution and homogenized to make 10% (w/v) suspension. One hundred microlitre volume of the suspension was enriched overnight in tryptic soy broth amended with 100 mg L−1 phenol. The enrichment broth was incubated at 30 °C in a shaking incubator at 120 rpm for a week. One milliliter of broth culture was then transferred to Minimal Medium (MM: KH2PO4 2.75 g L−1; K2 HPO4 2.25 g L−1; (NH4) 2SO4 1 g l−1; NaCl 0.10 g L−1; CaCl2 0.01 g L−1; MgCl2 .6 H2O 0.20 g L−1; FeCl3 .6 H2O 0.02 g L−1; pH 7.5) supplemented with progressively higher concentrations of phenol from 100 mg L−1 to 200 mg L−1 (100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mg L−1) as sole source of carbon. In every step, the cultures were incubated at 30 °C, 120 rpm shaking for 10 days. Finally, the broth culture was spread-plated on to MM supplemented with 1.5% agar and 200 mg L−1 phenol and incubated. Representative colonies with different colony morphologies were picked up and re-streaked on Reasoner’s 2 A (R2A) agar for pure culture isolation.
Utilization of Mentha aquatica L. for removal of fecal pathogens and heavy metals from water of Bosna river, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
Sabina Dahija, Renata Bešta-Gajević, Anesa Jerković-Mujkić, Samir Đug, Edina Muratović
Water samples were mixed and then serially diluted in sterile water and analyzed for enumeration of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms by the membrane filtration (MF) technique using 0.45 µm pore-size membrane filters (Millipore Corp., Berdford, MA) according to Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater (APHA 2005). The results were expressed in colony forming units (CFU) per 100 mL. A total number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria was enumerated after incubation at 23 °C during seven days on R2A agar (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland). Total coliform bacteria were enumerated on Endo agar (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) using MF technique, after an incubation time of 24 hours at 35 ± 0.5°C. For fecal coliforms inoculated plates of mFC agar (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) were incubated at 44 ± 0.5°C during 24 hours. Further confirmation of coliform and fecal coliform bacteria included inoculation of well-isolated colonies in Lauryl Tryptose broth and EC (Escherichia coli) broth. Also, identification was performed using standard microbiological methods: indole, methyl red, voges proskauer, citrate, russellΓs double sugar, oxidase tests, and motility determination. Microbiological analysis was done at the start and 5, 10, and 15 days after water treatment with M. aquatica plants.