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Cold Adapted Microorganisms
Published in Ajar Nath Yadav, Ali Asghar Rastegari, Neelam Yadav, Microbiomes of Extreme Environments, 2021
Deep Chandra Suyal, Ravindra Soni, Ajar Nath Yadav, Reeta Goel
This approach generally involves two preliminary steps, i.e., isolation of microorganisms on growth medium and then getting their pure culture. A growth medium may be a solid or liquid preparation containing chemical ingredients that are essential for the growth and development of microorganisms. Growth media may be of selective, differential or an enriched type depending on the requirements.
Industrial Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
Cell culture is the process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term “cell culture” has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from multicellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. The historical development and methods of cell culture are closely interrelated to those of tissue culture and organ culture. Animal cell culture became a common laboratory technique in the mid-1900s, but the concept of maintaining live cell lines separated from their original tissue source was discovered in the nineteenth century. Cells are grown and maintained at an appropriate temperature and gas mixture (typically, 37°C, 5% CO2 for mammalian cells) in a cell incubator. Culture conditions vary widely for each cell type, and variation of conditions for a particular cell type can result in different phenotypes being expressed. Aside from temperature and gas mixture, the most commonly varied factor in culture systems is the growth medium. Recipes for growth media can vary in pH, glucose concentration, growth factors, and the presence of other nutrients. The growth factors used to supplement media are often derived from animal blood, such as calf serum. One complication of these blood-derived ingredients is the potential for contamination of the culture with viruses or prions, particularly in biotechnology medical applications. Current practice is to minimize or eliminate the use of these ingredients wherever possible, but this cannot always be accomplished.
Biomass Recovery Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Quantification Following UV Disinfection
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2019
Kyle D. Rauch, Allison L. Mackie, Brian Middleton, Xuesong Xie, Graham A. Gagnon
A Milli-Q system (Reference A+, Millipore Corporation, MA, USA) was used to provide deionized (DI) water. All growth media and agars were prepared according to instructions provided by the manufacturers and autoclaved at 121 °C for 15 min to ensure sterility (AMSCO Lab 250, Steris Co, United Kingdom). All glassware was triple rinsed with DI water and autoclaved for sterility. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution was prepared in accordance with Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (APHA, AWWA, and WEF 2012) and autoclaved before use. PBS solution was used for cell cleaning and suspension dilution. Preparation of the growth medias tested for the ATP pretreatment method will be discussed in the section “ATP pretreatment method development.”
Strengthening crushed coarse aggregates using bio-grouting
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2019
Aamir Mahawish, Abdelmalek Bouazza, Will P. Gates
Urease-producing bacteria used was S. pasteurii (ATCC® 11,859), an ureolytic bacterium grown at 30°C in an ammonium–yeast extract medium (20 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L (NH4)2SO4 and 130 mM tris buffer (pH = 9.0). The individual components of growth medium were autoclaved separately and then mixed together post sterilisation. A group of 1 L bottles containing growth medium were inoculated with 2% of S. pasteurii stock culture and incubated aerobically at 30°C in a shaking water bath (200 rpm). The bacterial cells were harvested at a final optical density, at 600 nm (OD600), of 3.0–3.5 using WPA CO 8000 spectrophotometer (BioChrom Ltd), assumed to be equivalent to 3.8 × 108–4.7 × 108 cells/ml based on Equation (4) (Ramachandran et al. 2001):
Photoautotrophic cultivating options of freshwater green microalgal Chlorococcum humicola for biomass and carotenoid production
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Thanaporn Wannachod, Sutthinee Wannasutthiwat, Sorawit Powtongsook, Kasidit Nootong
Stock cultures of freshwater green microalga Chlorococcum humicola (TISTR 8641), obtained from the Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, were used. Inocula (10 mL) were transferred to 250-mL glass flasks containing 90 mL of sterile BG-11 growth medium. The composition of BG-11 growth medium was described as follows: NaNO3 1.5 g L−1, K2HPO4 0.04 g L−1, MgSO4 · 7H2O 0.075 g L−1, CaCl2 · 2H2O 0.036 g L−1, citric acid 0.006 g L−1, ferric ammonium citrate 0.006 g L−1, Na2-EDTA 0.001 g L−1, Na2CO3 0.02 g L−1, and trace element solution 1 mL.[16] The trace element solution was prepared by dissolving the following chemicals into 1 L of water: H3BO3 2.86 g, MnCl2 · 4H2O 1.81 g, ZnSO4 · 7H2O 0.222 g, Na2MoO4 · 2H2O 0.39 g, CuSO4 · 5H2O 0.079 g, and Co(NO3) · 6H2O 0.0494 g.[16] Sterilization of growth medium and glass flasks was performed by autoclaving at 121°C for 20 min. Cell cultures in glass flask were incubated at room temperature (28–30°C) and illuminated at 3,500 lx using white LED on an orbital shaker at 200 rpm.