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Microalgae Based Biofertilizers And Biostimulants For Agricultural Crops
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Alex Consani Cham Junior, Ana Claudia Zanata, Sofia de Souza Oliveira, Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney, Andréia Anschau
Medium for microalgae cultivation mostly have more complex composition than those for fungi and bacteria, which came from the necessity of the addition of several salts as micronutrients. In fungi and bacteria cultivation, these nutrients are present in complex sources of carbon and nitrogen generally used, such as molasses, hydrolyzed biomass, yeast extract and peptone. As microalgae are photosynthetic organisms, their cultivation is independent of organic sources of carbon, but nitrogen and phosphorus continue to play significant role for biomass production. Magnesium is another essential element as it is the central molecule of chlorophyll, being part of the cellular system for the capture of solar (or artificial light) energy.
Industrial Production and Applications of Yeast and Yeast Products
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Rebecca S. Thombre, Sonali Joshi
Various forms of processed yeast products made by extracting the cell contents (removing the cell walls) are called yeast extracts. Yeast extract is the product of enzymatic digestion of the yeast cell constituents by endogenous and exogenous yeast enzymes. It is rich in peptides, amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins; therefore it is good for use as supplement in culture media. It is also used in pharmaceuticals, as well as flavor and taste enhancer (replacing glutamates and nucleotides). Autolysed yeasts and hydrolyzed yeasts are also used as food additives or flavorings or as nutrients for bacterial culture media.
Engineering Considerations
Published in Daphne L. Stoner, Biotechnology for the Treatment of Hazardous Waste, 2017
To the microbiologists, nutrient requirements are a matter of biochemistry. If yeast extract, for example, is needed by a particular strain, it will be added. To the engineer, nutrient requirements are a matter of economics. The cost of adding yeast extract on a commercial scale can destroy the economic feasibility of a process.
Nutrient recovery of the hydrothermal carbonization aqueous product from dairy manure using membrane distillation
Published in Environmental Technology, 2023
Nicholas A. Silva, Sage R. Hiibel
Water flux was monitored throughout each trial to assess the membrane’s ability to treat each sample. Although each solution had the same initial concentration of TOC, the observed flux declined with increasing complexity of the TOC source (Figure 2(A)). For example, the low-carbon NUT samples, had the least flux decline, followed by the GLU samples, although the latter only had an average of 3% lower flux. Since glucose is a simple organic compound with high water solubility and hydrophilicity, it was not expected to interact significantly with the membrane. The fluxes for the TRP and YE solutions were lower than the GLU samples, likely due to the different carbon speciation. Both tryptone and yeast extract are produced by biological processes and consist primarily of various peptides. Tryptone is produced by the digestion of the protein casein by trypsin into amino acids and short chain peptides. Yeast extract contains the water-soluble chemicals after the autolysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell; it contains amino acids and short chain peptides like tryptone, but also other water-soluble species, such as minerals and vitamins, and more complex carbons such as fats, and ash [30]. Fats are hydrophobic, long chain carbon species and therefore may have an affinity towards the hydrophobic membrane [31]. The conductivity of the synthetic solutions’ distillate (Figure S1(A)) remained below 15 µS/cm, with the NUT and GLU samples having the lowest final conductivity (∼5 µS/cm).
Tetramethylpyrazine production from edible materials by the probiotic Bacillus coagulans
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Haoxuan Zhong, Jie Shen, Zhe Meng, Jing-yi Zhao, Zijun Xiao
Organic nitrogen sources play an important role in the growth of cells and the accumulation of acetoin. According to the results in Figure 4A, the best source of nitrogen was yeast extract, which also had the ability to promote the formation of free ammonia in the process of microbial protein degradation, and free ammonia might contribute to the production of TMP. Therefore, yeast extract was an effective medium for improving TMP production. As shown in Figure 4B, the optimum concentration of yeast extract was determined to be 30 g/L. When the concentration of yeast extract was 30 g/L, the output of acetoin was 7.21 ± 0.28 g/L. With yeast extract concentrations of 40 and 50 g/L, acetoin production was 6.78 ± 0.26 g/L and 5.88 ± 0.43 g/L, respectively. The higher the yeast extract concentration was, the higher the production cost was.
Batch assays for biological sulfate-reduction: a review towards a standardized protocol
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2020
Antonio Serrano, Miriam Peces, Sergi Astals, Denys K. Villa-Gómez
Another important factor in SRB-test is the relation between the reactant and the biomass since it controls the response of the process due to its impact on rate, extent, and inhibition mechanisms. However, this factor has rarely been considered as design criteria of SRB-test and consequently, it warrants further research. The presence of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins and yeast extract can also have a notable impact on the test response since it can limit the activity/growth of SRB (Postgate, 1979; Widdel & Bak, 1992). Yeast extract represents an additional source of carbon to the system; therefore, it is not recommended when the suitability of a different carbon source is assessed. Last and most importantly, regardless of the experimental conditions, a lactate batch assay must be included as a positive control.