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Paediatrics
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis refers to progressive gastric outlet obstruction due to idiopathic hypertrophy of the circular muscle fibres of the pylorus. Clinical presentation is usually at around 6 weeks of age, with forceful non-bile stained vomiting leading to dehydration and hypokalaemic alkalosis. Palpation of a pyloric muscular mass in the right upper quadrant of an infant with a typical clinical history is diagnostic of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis and imaging is not required in such cases.
Systematic review on gastric electrical stimulation in obesity treatment
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Alimujiang Maisiyiti, Jiande Dz Chen
Upon food ingestion, the proximal stomach relaxes to accommodate the ingested food, a physiological process called gastric accommodation. Gastric accommodation is controlled by a vago-vagal reflex triggered by meal ingestion and mediated by the activation of inhibitory nitrergic motor neurons in the gastric wall which produce fundic relaxation. Gastric accommodation to a meal consists of relaxation of the proximal stomach, providing the meal with a reservoir and enabling a volume increase without a rise in gastric pressure [11]. Whereas, the function of the distal stomach, the antrum, is to generate peristalsis to push the ingested food through the pylorus to the duodenum, a process called gastric emptying. Gastric emptying is determined by the propulsive antral contractions and the appreciate opening of the pylorus. The frequency and coordination of the antral contractions are determined by the gastric pace-making activity [12] that is also called the slow wave due to its slow rhythm (3 cycles/min). Disruption of this pace-making activity impairs antral contractions and leads to delayed gastric emptying [12].