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Published in Les Goring, Residential Surveying Matters and Building Terminology, 2023
Valve: A mechanical device to close, open, or regulate a flow of water or gas in a pipeline or system. In its simplest form, it is often referred to as a stopcock. In its more modern form, it would be fitted in a dual push-button, valve-flushing WC cistern, to regulate the flow.
Valve and Actuator Technology for the Offshore Industry
Published in Karan Sotoodeh, Coating Application for Piping, Valves and Actuators in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry, 2023
A reduced-bore ball valve has a smaller ball and smaller internals and requires less force or torque for opening and closing compared to a full-bore ball valve. A reduced-bore ball valve is typically considered the first choice for ball valve selection since it is more economical and cheaper than a full-bore ball valve. Valves are normally selected by valve and process engineers based on different parameters, like size, pressure, temperature, fluid type, application, etc. Although reduced bore is preferred over full bore for economic reasons, some conditions do not allow the usage of reduced-bore ball valves. The first condition is pressure drop and wearing inside the valve. If the pressure drop produced by a reduced-bore valve is high enough to cause flow assurance problems, then a reduced-bore ball valve should not be used. Process engineers are the correct references to give feedback on the acceptance of reduced-bore ball valves with regard to pressure drop.
Blueprint Reading
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Science of Wind Power, 2022
A valve is defined as any device by which the flow of fluid may be started, stopped, or regulated by a movable part that opens or obstructs passage. As applied in fluid power systems, valves are used for controlling the flow, the pressure, and the direction of the fluid flow through a piping system. The fluid may be a liquid, a gas, or some loose material in bulk (like a biosolids slurry). Designs of valves vary, but all valves have two features in common: A passageway through which fluid can flowSome kind of movable (usually machined) part that opens and closes the passageway
Safety and reliability analysis for butterfly valves in the offshore oil and gas industry
Published in Safety and Reliability, 2022
Valves are essential components of piping systems in a wide range of industries, such as the oil and gas industry which use them for stopping and starting fluids, for fluid control, for backflow prevention, and for safety purposes (Nesbitt, 2007; Skousen, 2011; Smit & Zappe, 2004; Sotoodeh, 2021c). The offshore industry utilises a variety of valves, including ball, gate, butterfly, globe, and check valves. The failure of industrial valves to function due to a variety of reasons, such as corrosion and mechanical malfunction, can have adverse consequences, including pollution of the environment, asset loss, production loss, and in some cases human lives (Sotoodeh, 2020a, 2021c). In fact, valves are connected to pipes in order to produce or transport products and are critical because they can stop the production process if they fail (Kim et al., 2018). In Figure 1, you can see piping and valves are installed on an offshore platform.
Numerical and Experimental Vibration Analysis of an Additive Manufactured Sensor Mounting Unit for a Wireless Valve Position Indication Sensor System
Published in Nuclear Technology, 2022
Sasa Kovacevic, Vivek Agarwal, John W. Buttles
Valve manipulation is regularly performed in NPPs to control, start, stop, regulate, and throttle the flow of different fluids through plant systems to achieve the desired performance and operating margins. The deployment, configuration, and manipulation (manual or automatic) of different valve types, including ball, butterfly, globe, gate, and check, depend on the mode of operation and the application. As part of the current nuclear industry’s business model, skilled workers regularly manipulate manual valves at an NPP. This also includes concurrent or independent verification of the performed action, whether closing, opening, throttling, or calibration. Manual performance of these tasks opens up (1) the possibility of human error, (2) operational and safety challenges, and (3) regulatory compliance impacts, in addition to high labor costs. NPPs have a giant catalog of manual valves and rely on technical staff for manual valve manipulation/verification, which puts generating stations at a long-term economic disadvantage due to the rising cost of labor. To improve the economic competitiveness of the nuclear industry, transition from the current labor-centric model to a technology-centric business model is required.
Bayesian Stackelberg game model for water supply networks against interdictions with mixed strategies
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
A WSN consists of water sources, water treatment plants, pumping stations, pipelines, and valves, as shown in Figure 1(a). Sources including surface water and groundwater provide fresh water for different end-uses. Water treatment plants serve to remove contaminants from water sources such that the water is potable or is suitable for end-uses. Pumping stations ensure the delivery of the treated water at desired pressures. Pipelines are used for the distribution of water to end-users and other usage points such as fire hydrants or water cocks. Valves control water flow by opening, closing, or partially obstructing passageways. We abstract a WSN as a directed weighted graph shown in Figure 1(b), where represents the set of nodes and represents the set of arcs. For such networks, components in set are under threats of being intentionally interdicted. Since the defence and interdictions are assumed to be taken by rational stakeholders of a defender and an interdictor, respectively, the stakeholders' strategic interaction is modelled as a game. In this game, the defender aims to mitigate the risks of WSNs before an interdiction event occurs. This implies that it is a sequential game that is initiated by the defender and then followed by the interdictor. Considering that the two stakeholders have private information, we thereby develop a Bayesian Stackelberg game model, which helps decision makers to generate defence strategies against interdictions.