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A New Collecting and Management Proposal Under Logistics 4.0 and Green Concept
Published in Turan Paksoy, Çiğdem Koçhan, Sadia Samar Ali, Logistics 4.0, 2020
Harun Resit Yazgan, Sena Kιr, Furkan Yener, Serap Ercan Comert
A tire consists of a combination of rubber, cord fabric, steel wire, and various chemical substances. The description made by JATMA (Japan Automobile Tire Manufacturers Association) about the shelf life and standby life of a tire is: “Tires used or not used (including spare wheel) for passenger cars and light commercial vehicles must be replaced with new ones even if they are ten years old after the date of manufacture, even if they do not have any visible damage or deformity, or even if the depth of the tooth is sufficient for use.”
Investigation on the Thermal Characteristics of Dry Bonding System for Tire Applications
Published in Sajith Thottathil, Sabu Thomas, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Didier Rouxel, Advanced Polymeric Materials for Sustainability and Innovations, 2018
D. Jeyabala, J. Dhanalakshmi, C. T. Vijayakumar
Tread is the wearing surface of the tire, which comes in contact with the road surface. The tread has to provide the necessary traction, sufficient grip, low rolling resistance, less noise, low heat buildup, good abrasion resistance, resistance to chipping, cut growth resistance, flex resistance, and so forth The tread compound is hence designed to meet these requirements and also other processing requirements such as scorch safety, good flow properties, good green tackiness, good dimensional stability, and so forth The elastomers used for tire tread are natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), their oil extended varieties and butadiene rubber (BR). Sometimes cis-poly isoprene, ethylene propylene monomer (EPM) rubber, and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber are also used. Among the polymers NR, BR, and SBR, the lowest heat buildup is offered by NR and highest road holding capacity by SBR. There is a good difference in the loading of front and back tires. Generally, front tire will be of rib design and rear tire will be of the lug design.
Sustainable Heavy Construction Equipment
Published in J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture, Sustainability in Engineering Design and Construction, 2018
J.K. Yates, Daniel Castro-Lacouture
In 1992, one tire manufacturer launched a third generation of energy-saving tires called Energy Saver Green tires. The tread technology in these tires improves traction and makes the tires self-cleaning. The ability of the tire to expel the soil that collects between the tread blocks helps to improve their gripping potential and reduces rolling resistance and fuel consumption. The use of these tires reduces fuel consumption by up to 3%, which is equivalent to one gallon per 62.14 mi. (1 L per 100 km) of fuel consumption compared with traditional tires used on three-axle trailers. In addition, lower rolling resistance translates into a reduction in CO2 emissions (Michelin 2014).
Adaptive event-triggered control for new type tyre systems based on vehicles
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2022
The tyres are one of the important parts of the vehicle. The traditional tyres have the following functions, supporting the mass of the vehicle, bearing the load of the vehicle, transferring traction and braking torque, which ensure adhesion between tyres and road surface. And the tyres can reduce and absorb the vibration and impact force of the vehicle when the auto is moving, such that prevent the auto parts from severe vibration and breakdown. Based on the Audi model background of Volkswagen Group, see Figure 1. The spherical tyre shows in Figure 2. The studied new type tyre systems are the magnetic levitation ball-type systems, which enables the tyre to be frictionless and noiseless. When the gravity is greater than the gravity of the ball, the ball is pulled up, so as to achieve levitation. Therefore, compared with the traditional tyres, the spherical tyre reduces greatly the noise while driving, and it is increasing the safety, handling the stability, comforting and the energy-saving economic of the vehicles.
Evaluation of hydroplaning potential using Mobile Lidar measurements for network-level pavement management applications
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2022
Charles F. Gurganusa, Shi Chang, Nasir G. Gharaibeh
A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to generate random data using a normal distribution with mean and standard deviation values for each vehicle characteristic. For tire tread depth, 5.5 mm (7/32 in.) was selected as the mean value and 1.9 mm (2.4/32 in.) was selected as the standard deviation. Typical new tires have approximately 8.7 mm (11/32 in.) tread depth and 1.6 mm (2/32 in.) tread depth is typically considered the legal limit of tire wear (Tirerack, 2017a). For tire pressure, a mean value of 241 kPa (35 psi) and a standard deviation of 48 kPa (7 psi) were used. Typical passenger vehicle tire pressure ranges from 207 kPa (30 psi) to 241 kPa (35 psi) (Tirerack, 2017b). To account for the larger-size vehicle use in the region of the case study, a mean vehicle weight of 19,500 N (4400 lb.) was used, with a standard deviation of 4250 N (950 lb.).
Recent developments in waste tyre pyrolysis and gasification processes
Published in Chemical Engineering Communications, 2022
Athi-enkosi Mavukwana, Celestin Sempuga
A tyre is made up of rubber mixtures, fabric, steel belt and cord. Each material has specific properties to provide the tyre with the required mechanical strength and flexibility (Czajczyńska et al. 2017; Williams 2013). The rubber mixtures and elastomers are the main components of tyres. This mixture consists of natural rubber derived from the sap of the Hevea Brasiliensis tree and synthetic rubbers that are derived from petroleum-based products. Synthetic rubbers used in tyres are often styrene-butadiene (SBR) and butadiene rubber (BR). SBR is a copolymer formed from styrene (25 wt.%) and 75 wt.% butadiene. The rubber mixtures are strengthened with carbon black and amorphous silica, which make the tyre durable and resistant to wear and tear (Williams 2013; Czajczyńska et al. 2017).