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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
At the distal end, the descending colon makes an S-shaped curve to connect with the rectum in the posterior central pelvis. The rectum ends in the anal canal and anus, where the digestive system exits the body, controlled by the muscular anal sphincter. The circular sphincter serves to open and close the anus, releasing or retaining the feces. Infants wear diapers until their nervous systems allow them to control the sphincters. Poor control of the anal sphincter can require an adult to wear an incontinence management product (IMP) a padded underwear-like garment to collect and absorb feces and/or urine. The anus lies in the perineal region (Figure 5.3) in front of the coccyx (tailbone). The anus’ location is identical in men and women. In the anatomical position, the plane of the anus is tilted somewhat posteriorly as seen in Figure 5.1 (Drake, Vogl, & Mitchell, 2015, p. 502). It is useful for IMP designers to know that the anus lies in a different plane than the other openings in the perineal region (see Sections 5.3 and 5.4).
Human physiology, hazards and health risks
Published in Stephen Battersby, Clay's Handbook of Environmental Health, 2016
David J. Baker, Naima Bradley, Alec Dobney, Virginia Murray, Jill R. Meara, John O’Hagan, Neil P. McColl, Caryn L. Cox
At regular intervals of minutes, small quantities of food pass through an opening at the distal end of the stomach called the pyloric sphincter to the duodenum. The contents of a stomach usually empty in about four hours. However, with a very fatty meal, the emptying of the stomach becomes much slower due to the release of a hormone called enterogastrone.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Sphincter is a circular muscle that opens and closes at an entrance to an organ. Examples include the lower esophageal sphincter and the anal sphincter. Sphincter muscle keeps urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder.
Current development and clinical applications of artificial anal sphincter
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Minghui Wang, Yunlong Liu, Qingjun Nong, Hongliu Yu
Over the past 20 years, numerous developments have been made in the surgical therapies available to treat FI. The traditional surgical approach is sphincteroplasty, which is limited to a small group of patients with isolated defect of the external sphincter. Sacral nerve stimulation and artificial anal sphincter are innovative surgical therapies, which should be restricted to highly selected patients [16–18]. Colostomy is effective and well-accepted surgical therapy to treat FI, if other therapies fail or the patient is not suitable for the previously described conservative or surgical therapies [19–21].