China 
Africa 
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Screening and Pharmacological Management of Neuropathic Pain
Published in Suvardhan Kanchi, Rajasekhar Chokkareddy, Mashallah Rezakazemi, Smart Nanodevices for Point-of-Care Applications, 2022
Manu Sharma, Ranju Soni, Kakarla Raghava Reddy, Veera Sadhu, Raghavendra V. Kulkarni
Psychogenic pain, or psychalgia, is a chronic pain condition in people suffering from a mental disorder or illness such as depression or anxiety even though the physical cause is not known. Its diagnosis is possible only when all other causes of pain are ruled out. It is often difficult to treat. Its treatment requires consecutive consultation with a physician along with a mental health specialist [12]. The most common types of psychogenic pain are headache, muscle pains, back pain, and stomach pains.
The Making of Imago Hominis: Can We Produce Artificial Companions by Programming Sentience into Robots?
Published in The New Bioethics, 2022
The subjective perspective of pain appears to capture more essential truths and coheres better with our intuitions. Nevertheless, through the centuries of medical practice, the objective perspective has proven to have certain merits that cannot be simply swept under the carpet. Both are needed for a greater comprehension of the nature of physical pain. Another remarkable phenomenon in this field is psychogenic pain, often defined as the physical pain caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional or behavioural factors (Covington 2000, p. 1). For instance, many people experience headaches following serious emotional problems. Naturally, our experiences often inform us of the presence of psychogenic pains, and indeed many physicians believe they are real, but others dispute their reality, and argue that even the term itself is a tautology and therefore meaningless (Covington 2000, p. 1). Such controversy can be seen to have arisen from the yet unclear mind–body relationship, since a consensus has not been reached on how the mind and the brain can affect each other.3 Overall, despite the many suggestions, it appears that our conceptual knowledge of pain is still limited.