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Thin Films for Biomedical Applications
Published in Fredrick Madaraka Mwema, Tien-Chien Jen, Lin Zhu, Thin Film Coatings, 2022
Fredrick Madaraka Mwema, Tien-Chien Jen, Lin Zhu
As such, the development of electrodes for neural implants is on the rise due to its efficacy in treating a number of neural and traumatic disorders. Some of the specific applications of neural-electrodes in modern medicine include but not limited to the following: Deep brain stimulation (DBS): This is a widely accepted method in which an electrode is implanted on a specific site in the brain to treat neurological and psychiatric diseases such as Parkinson’s disease [44]. DBS reduces tremors and involuntary motor contraction for dystonia patients, and epileptic episodes, and is used to treat neuropathic pain.Spinal cord simulation (SCS): This technique is used to treat diseases such as back and leg pains. The device consists of electrodes that are connected to a pulse generator and programmer. The electrodes are inserted into the body through an open surgery [45]. It is used to treat other conditions such as chronic pains arising from failed back surgery syndrome and angina pectoris.
Medical device implants for neuromodulation
Published in Ze Zhang, Mahmoud Rouabhia, Simon E. Moulton, Conductive Polymers, 2018
Electrical stimulation has a long history of modulating body function. In 15 AD, torpedo fish were used to treat pain after a man stepped on an electric fish and it relieved his pain from gout (Gildenberg 2005). In the late 1700s, Galvani evoked muscle contraction by applying an electric current to a dissected nerve. In 1870, Fritsch and Hitzig elicited limb movement by electric stimulation of the motor cortex. At present, deep brain stimulation (DBS) pacemakers are implanted in the brain or body as a therapy to alleviate the symptoms of otherwise treatment-resistant disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease, tremor, dystonia, and chronic pain. To date, DBS has improved the lives of patients worldwide, with Medtronic (Minneapolis, Minnesota) having implanted its 100,000th DBS pacemaker in a patient in 2012.
Electrical Brain Stimulation to Treat Neurological Disorders
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) was first developed as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease to reduce tremor, stiffness, walking problems and uncontrollable movements. In DBS, a pair of electrodes is implanted in the brain and controlled by a generator that is implanted in the chest. Stimulation is continuous, and its frequency and level are customized to the individual.
Interactive computation and visualization of deep brain stimulation effects using Duality
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2020
J. Vorwerk, D. McCann, J. Krüger, C. R. Butson
The goal of neuromodulation is to achieve therapeutic effects by stimulating specific target regions in the human brain using electric or magnetic fields. Both non-invasive and invasive procedures to reach this goal exist. As an invasive procedure, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become an established treatment for movement disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease or essential tremor, where Level 1 evidence for the efficacy of DBS exists (Deuschl et al. 2006; Weaver et al. 2009). DBS is furthermore under current investigation as a treatment for a variety of other disorders, such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, or traumatic brain injury. Depending on the disease to be treated, a target region in the brain, commonly a subcortical brain structure, such as subthalamic nucleus (STN) or globus pallidus interna (GPi) for Parkinson’s disease (Deuschl et al. 2006; Weaver et al. 2009), is determined and the DBS lead is introduced into this structure in a surgical procedure.
Effect of Microelectrode Recording in Accurate Targeting STN with High Frequency DBS in Parkinson Disease
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Venkateshwarla Rama Raju, Rukmini Kandadai Mridula, Rupam Borgohain
A number of advances have been taken lay in the field of neuromodulation especially for neurodegenerative advanced idiopathic Parkinson`s disease (PD) which includes investigating novel structural-targets, humanizing-pioneering and frontier-technology. At present, subthalamic-nuclei (STN) are the best and key-target for PD-surgery. For this malady, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the well-suited therapy for cardinal motor-symptoms detection, primarily reducing tremors and motor-fluctuations and restoringand/or increasing motor-functioning. DBS is a procedure during which an electrode is surgically implanted in the brain. The electrode is connected to a wire, which sits under the skin and terminates at a neurostimulator Figure 1 [5].
Device profile of the percept PC deep brain stimulation system for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and related disorders
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical standard of care for patients with movement disorders such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), essential tremor and dystonia whose symptoms are inadequately controlled with usual therapies [1], with the most common use being in the management of advanced PD.