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The Anatomy of Joints Related to Function
Published in Verna Wright, Eric L. Radin, Mechanics of Human Joints, 2020
The popliteus sends an insertion to the lateral meniscus (48); contraction of this muscle moves the meniscus posteriorly. This correlates well with the prime function of popliteus as a medial rotator of the knee, this movement occurring at the start of flexion from the fully extended position (49,50). This could well be an important mechanism by which the posterior part of the lateral meniscus is prevented from being trapped between the opposing condyles at the time when the femur is rolling posteriorly across the tibia most quickly (51). Also, for the lateral meniscus, anterior movement in extension may be produced by the posterior or anterior meniscofemoral ligaments (both occur rarely, if ever, in the same knee). These run from its posterior horn with the posterior cruciate ligament to the medial femoral condyle and help to move the meniscus across the tibial plateau with the femur (27,48). Apart from these “active” factors, anteroposterior movements and expansion and contraction of the menisci occur passively, mainly as a direct result of being squeezed out between the opposing condyles.
Imaging of the lower limb
Published in Sarah McWilliams, Practical Radiological Anatomy, 2011
o On the lateral side of the knee there are three main sup-porting structures: first the lateral collateral ligament or fibular collateral ligament is band like, arising from the lateral epicondyle of femur and attaching to the fibula. It does not attach to the lateral meniscus (Fig. 9.16); second the iliotibial tract; third the popliteus tendon lies behind the lateral meniscus running from the fibula to the femur (Fig. 9.17).
Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
The muscles and articulations of the knee region are the most sophisticated in the human body. Basically the knee has just one muscle which is the popliteus muscle. Its origin is on the lateral condyle of the femur and its distal attachment is on the posterior proximal tibial shaft.
Unified GRF-based control for adjusting hopping frequency with various robot configurations
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2022
Omid Mohseni, Patrick Schmidt, Andre Seyfarth, Maziar A. Sharbafi
In the EPA-Hopper-II setup, similar to the previous ones [16,20,22], the hip joint of the leg is connected to a fixed vertical guide rail, which restricts the hip movement to the vertical z-axis. With this constraint, the robot has in total four degrees of freedom (DoFs) when it is in the flight phase and has three DoFs when entering the stance phase; see Figure 1(a). The EPA-Hopper-II is actuated by two brushless DC motors, both located at the hip joint. One motor directly actuates the hip, and the other drives the knee joint using a rope and pulley system with a ratio of 1:5. Besides the electrical motors, the robot is also actuated by four PAMs and one spring. Each of these five compliant elements represents a human lower limb muscle. As shown in Figure 1(a), there are two antagonistic PAMs acting on the knee joint, named VAS () and POP (), which, respectively, mimic the Vastus Medialis and Popliteus. In the ankle joint, we have the SOL PAM () in combination with the TIB spring, which mimics the Soleus and Tibialis muscles, respectively. In addition, there is also one biarticular PAM considered in the robot structure that couples the knee and ankle movements together, named GAS (), which acts as the Gastrocnemius muscle in humans.
The association of the localized pain sensitivity in the residual limb and prosthesis use in male veterans with transtibial amputation
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Kamiar Ghoseiri, Mohammad Yusuf Rastkhadiv, Mostafa Allami, Phillip Page, Lars L. Andersen, Duane C. Button
In line with previous studies about pressure algometry of the TRL, 12 anatomical sites that most often require relief or load-bearing at the socket–skin interface during socket fabrication (Foort, 1965; Kark & Simmons, 2011; Lee et al., 2005) were marked by a certified prosthetist (Figure 1). The sites that commonly need relief were tibial tuberosity, midshaft of the tibia, fibular head, the distal end of the tibia, the distal end of the fibula, and the distal end of the residual limb. The sites that are commonly used for load-bearing were mid-patellar tendon, medial tibial flare, mid-shank of the fibula, anterolateral of the tibia, anteromedial of the tibia, and lateral side of the popliteus muscle.
The effect of Knee-Ankle-Foot orthosis stiffness on the parameters of walking
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Sayed Mohammad Ali Abtahi, Nima Jamshidi, Aram Ghaziasgar
Popliteus, Hamstring, and the Quadriceps femorus allow for balance, movement (extending and flexing the knee during walking), and stability at the knee joint, respectively. Weakness in the contraction of every one of these three muscles can cause disorders in the knee.