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Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Ligaments are essential components of the foot and ankle, stabilizing the bones at the joints while also allowing motion and flexibility. They are frequently named for the bones where they attach. The ligaments at the ankle are the largest and strongest in the region, but they are also most often injured (Figure 8.5). Acute ligamentous ankle sprains (stretching or tearing of fibers in a ligament) occur in many sports as well as in everyday life (Hootman, Dick, & Agel, 2007). Normal motion at the ankle includes inversion and eversion (Figure 8.6-A and Figure 8.6-B). Inversion ankle sprains tend to happen when the planted foot quickly inverts relative to the leg, although they can also occur when the foot is “searching for ground,” such as when unexpectedly stepping off a curb. The tibia shifts on the talus while the foot turns onto the lateral side (Hamill & Knutzen, 2003). Refer to Figure 8.6-C. The injury most often involves the anterior talofibular ligament, and possibly also the calcaneofibular ligament, and/or the posterior talofibular ligament. The medial, deltoid, ligament is stronger and less likely damaged unless the foot everts very forcefully with the tibia shifting laterally on the talus while the foot turns to the medial side (Figure 8.6-D). The lateral malleolus, the distal end of the fibula, tends to limit the extent of eversion motions. Torn ligaments may heal with scarring, but are never the same after a sprain, so some athletic footwear is designed to try to prevent injury.
Tissue Structure and Function
Published in Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee, Building Tissues, 2018
Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee
A common sprain, the twisted ankle, results if you fall or step on an uneven surface and roll your foot to the inside. This stretches the ligaments on the outside of your ankle, notably the talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments. Sprains are commonly graded according to the degree of the injury. Grade I and Grade II ankle sprains can usually be treated with treatments such as ice and physical therapy. Grade III ankle sprains can lead to permanent ankle instability, and surgery may be required.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint formed between the distal end of the tibia and fibula in articulation with the upper surface of the talus. The tibia and fibula together form a mortice that is narrower posteriorly, thereby reducing the incidence of posterior dislocation of the ankle joint (Figs 3.24a–c).
Male collegiate soccer athletes with severe ankle laxity display increased knee abduction during side-cutting tasks compared to those with only perceived ankle instability
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2021
Shun Kunugi, Takashi Koumura, Ryota Myotsuzono, Akihiko Masunari, Naruto Yoshida, Shumpei Miyakawa, Naoki Mukai
Ankle ligament injuries are common and likely to recur in collegiate athletes (Hunt et al., 2017). Lower leg, ankle, or foot injuries account for approximately 20% of all severe physical injuries and represent the second-largest proportion after knee injuries (approximately 30%) in various collegiate sports (Kay et al., 2017). Lateral ankle sprains result in an average time loss of 8.56 days among male collegiate soccer players (Gulbrandsen et al., 2019). Approximately 30% of individuals sustaining an acute ankle sprain still report pain, re-sprains, and subjective instability at >1 year after initial injury (Van Rijn et al., 2008). Furthermore, a 7-year follow-up study reported that 32% of patients experienced chronic residual symptoms and 72% of patients reported a feeling of functional impairment (Konradsen et al., 2002). Approximately half of the patients with chronically unstable ankle joints have cartilage damage, and these patients develop long-term joint degenerative diseases, including ankle osteoarthritis (Hintermann et al., 2002).