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Light
Published in Stephen R. Gliessman, V. Ernesto Méndez, Victor M. Izzo, Eric W. Engles, Andrew Gerlicz, Agroecology, 2023
Stephen R. Gliessman, V. Ernesto Méndez, Victor M. Izzo, Eric W. Engles, Andrew Gerlicz
Because the earth is tilted on its axis, the relative proportion of daylight and nighttime hours varies from one time of year to another. Because of the correlation of hours of light or dark with other climatic factors, especially temperature, plants have developed adaptive responses to the changing light/dark regimes over time. Important processes such as flowering, seed germination, leaf drop, and pigmentation changes are examples. A pigment in plants known as phytochrome is the major photoreceptive agent responsible for regulating these responses.
Sustainable fertilizer-drawn forward osmosis for the vegetable industry in reducing liquor from vegetable waste
Published in Environmental Technology, 2021
Jin Wang, Shuwei Zhao, Pengjia Dou, Xuemei Li, Dengxin Li, Tao He
To determine the key component causing membrane fouling, a synthetic vegetable liquor containing glucose, protein, phytochrome, cellulose and inorganic salts was prepared since they represent the main ingredients in the raw vegetable liquor (see the detail raw vegetable ingredients in Supplementary Information Table S2); nicotinic acid, phosphorus, magnesium potassium were not included in the fouling factors, sodium chloride was used to adjust to keep the same total dissolved solids (TDS) value as the raw vegetable liquor; the casein, glucose, cellulose and anthocyanin were used to model protein, carbohydrate, fibre and phytochrome, respectively (refer to Table 3 for detailed components). Vegetables, such as cabbages, contain a large amount of chlorophyll and anthocyanin [20]. Because chlorophyll is quite unstable [21], anthocyanin was chosen as a surrogate in this study. From previous studies [22–25], protein and calcium were considered as responsible foulants for membrane fouling. The total organic components and inorganic salts were maintained constant. The pH of each solution ranged from 4 to 9, which is in the safe pH range of the cellulose acetate membrane.
Enhanced amylase production by a Bacillus subtilis strain under blue light-emitting diodes
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2019
Punniyakotti Elumalai, Jeong-Muk Lim, Yool-Jin Park, Min Cho, Patrick J. Shea, Byung-Taek Oh
Light is important for maximum enzyme production; it governs propagation and growth of bacteria, metabolic activity and metabolite production, and functions through photoreceptors.[13,14] Classes of photoreceptors include cryptochrome, blue light sensing using flavin adenine dinucleotide (BLUF), light oxygen voltage (LOV), photoactive yellow protein (PYP), rhodopsin, and phytochrome. The non-phototrophic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Deinococcus radiodurans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa can sense light by the LOV photoreceptor and the BLUF blue-light sensing photoreceptor has been reported and characterized in B. subtilis.[15,16] BLUF and LOV are involved in the electron transfer mechanism.[17] BLUF is a positive regulator and stress transcription factor.[16] In sensing blue light, BLUF regulates and enhances pigment production, fruiting body formation, and encodes proteins with numerous conserved LOV domains.[13]