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Hepatoprotective Marine Phytochemicals
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
BR Annapoorna, S Vasudevan, K Sindhu, V Vani, V Nivya, VP Venkateish, P Madan Kumar
Chlorophyll is a blue/green color pigment belonging to the class tetrapyrroles, isolated from algae, plants, and cyanobacteria (Pereira et al. 2014). Studies have shown that chlorophyll exerted antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer and antimutagenic properties. Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, and chlorophyll d are the major types of chlorophyll molecules spread across marine biosystems (Hosikian et al. 2010). Porphyrins, chlorins, bacteriochlorins, pheophorbides, texaphyrins, porphycenes, and phthalocyanines are the major pigments derived from chlorophyll molecules from marine algae and cyanobacteria (Ormond and Freeman 2013). These derivatives also possess various biological activities, such as antibacterial (Alenezi et al. 2017), antioxidant (Lanfer-Marquez et al. 2005) anti-inflammatory (Jelić et al. 2012), antimutagenic (Ferruzzi and Blakeslee 2007), and more.
Microalgae Based Biofertilizers And Biostimulants For Agricultural Crops
Published in Gustavo Molina, Zeba Usmani, Minaxi Sharma, Abdelaziz Yasri, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Microbes in Agri-Forestry Biotechnology, 2023
Alex Consani Cham Junior, Ana Claudia Zanata, Sofia de Souza Oliveira, Eduardo Bittencourt Sydney, Andréia Anschau
Medium for microalgae cultivation mostly have more complex composition than those for fungi and bacteria, which came from the necessity of the addition of several salts as micronutrients. In fungi and bacteria cultivation, these nutrients are present in complex sources of carbon and nitrogen generally used, such as molasses, hydrolyzed biomass, yeast extract and peptone. As microalgae are photosynthetic organisms, their cultivation is independent of organic sources of carbon, but nitrogen and phosphorus continue to play significant role for biomass production. Magnesium is another essential element as it is the central molecule of chlorophyll, being part of the cellular system for the capture of solar (or artificial light) energy.
Algae as Food and Nutraceuticals
Published in Sanjeet Mehariya, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Obulisamy Parthiba Karthikeyan, Algal Biorefineries and the Circular Bioeconomy, 2022
Chetan Aware, Virdhaval Nalavade, Rahul Jadhav, Shashi Kant Bhatia, Yung-Hun Yang, Jyoti Jadhav, Ranjit Gurav
Chlorophylls are photosynthesis green pigments found in both higher plants and algae, along with cyanobacteria. Chlorophyll a is required for photosynthesis in the respiratory chain of the thylakoid (García Sartal et al., 2012). Chlorophyll is believed to be transformed in prepared vegetable foods into pheophytin, pyrophytin, and pheophorbide and human intake. These derivatives have an antimutagenic activity and may be useful in cancer reduction. Pheophorbide had higher cellular absorption and suppression of myeloma cell number than pheophytin. However, dependent on the quantity of chlorophyll derivative interacting with cells, pheophytin was found to be slightly cytotoxic compared to pheophorbide (Chernomorsky et al., 1999). Chlorophyll intensity showed three times greater in algae grown in harbour zones than in an open sea location, according to initial research (Larsen et al., 2011). The brown species recorded a chlorophyll A composition of 0.5–2g/kg on a dry matter. Chlorophylls, for example, one of the ingredients in the production of jam, jelly, toffees, and ice cream, documented in the European Union under the E-number E-140 (García Sartal et al., 2012).
Performance of Pandannus amaryllifolius dye on zinc oxide nanoflakes synthesized via electrochemical anodization method
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
N. A. Asli, S. Z. Zainol, K. M. Yusoff, N. E. A. Azhar, M. Z. Nurfazianawatie, H. Omar, N. F. Rosman, N. S. A. Malek, R. Md Akhir, I. Buniyamin, Z. Khusaimi, M. F. Malek, N. D. Md Sin, M. Rusop
Several studies revealed that chlorophyll dyes are effective photosensitizers in photosynthesis and are potential environment-friendly dye sources.[17] The conversion efficiency of cells with chlorophyll derivatives as sensitizers is more than 2% and that of cells with chlorin-e6 reaches is more than 4%. Chlorophyll absorbs light from red, blue, and violet wavelengths and obtains its color by reflecting green. Therefore, this pigment is a suitable photosensitizer in the visible-light region. Chlorophyll is found in the leaves of most green plants, cyanobacteria, and algae. Hence, from an economic point of view, chlorophyll is the optimal dye sensitizer for fabrication of DSSCs because it can be extracted through simple processes.[14]
Potential of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) for phytoremediation: physiological responses and kinetics of zinc uptake
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2020
Ana Carolina Dornelas Rodrigues, Marcus Vinicius de Castro Rocha, Erica Souto Abreu Lima, Camila Ferreira de Pinho, André Marques dos Santos, Fabiana Soares dos Santos, Nelson Moura Brasil do Amaral Sobrinho
Heavy metal contamination may interfere directly with the photosynthetic apparatus of plants, especially in the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments because these elements can reduce the levels of chlorophylls and carotenoids through inactivation of the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of these pigments (Souza et al. 2009). However, some authors have reported an increase in chlorophyll b and carotenoids in heavy metal contaminated environments as a tolerance strategy developed by plants in response to stressful environment (Tewari et al. 2008; Dos Santos et al. 2011; Horemans et al. 2015) to increase light uptake and prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Measuring the transient fluorescence of chlorophyll a is a simple, rapid and nondestructive method to analyze the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus and consequently the photochemical and photosynthetic efficiency of the plant (Gonçalves et al. 2010; Stirbet 2011). Paunov et al. (2018) observed the interference of Cd and Zn in the photosynthetic electron transport processes in wheat plants, leading to a four- to five-fold suppression of the energy transformation efficiency in Photosystem II.
The enhanced biomass and lipid accumulation in algae with an integrated treatment strategy by waste molasses and Mg2+ addition
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2020
Xunzan Dong, Li Huang, Tao Li, Jun-Wei Xu, Peng Zhao, Xuya Yu
The growth rate and lipid production can be controlled via regulating the availability of essential nutrients and trace metals (Shin et al. 2018). Metal ions, such as iron and magnesium, are very important for cellular mechanisms, including photosynthesis, cell division, respiration, intracellular transportation, and protein synthesis, in microalgae (Singh et al. 2016). As one of the most important trace elements, Mg can serve as the central atom of the chlorophyll molecule in the photosynthetic apparatus, which plays a critical role during photosynthetic activity and is also used to synthesize genetic material. A previous study observed that additional Mg2+ induces microalgae to undergo secondary growth and increases the lipid content, demonstrating that Mg2+ plays an important role in both algal growth and lipid accumulation (Huang et al. 2014). Tran et al. (2010) also confirmed that magnesium sulfate is a major media component affecting the lipid productivity of Botryococcus branuii. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of Mg2+ addition on algae growth and lipid production using waste molasses-based culture medium, which has not been reported to date to the best of our knowledge.