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Application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) Technology in the Medical Field
Published in Harish Kumar Banga, Rajesh Kumar, Parveen Kalra, Rajendra M. Belokar, Additive Manufacturing with Medical Applications, 2023
Sangita Agarwal, Soumendra Darbar, Srimoyee Saha
Orthotic or prosthetic devices are assistive technologies, and these have been in existence for ages. Prosthetic devices are used internally or externally as a substitute for a body part. Conventionally, orthopaedic prosthetics were generic or expensive and were hand-crafted, time-consuming, required a lot of measurement and not accessible to all. Prosthetics are very much needed in regions facing military conflict [28]. Orthotic devices are used to support, correct, protect, and immobilise and treat injuries or dysfunctions of musculature and skeleton. With the advent of AM technology, there has been a paradigm shift in orthopaedic prosthetics and orthotics in terms of customisation, bringing sizing, fit, functionality and fashion. Moreover, orthotics prepared using 3D printing are not only lightweight but also strong, durable, attractive and comfortable.
Designing for Foot and Ankle Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Orthosis is a word from Greek, meaning to make straight. Torrens et al. (2012) define an orthotic as “the mechanical support, or orthosis, that enables the range of motion of a given joint or joints, but limiting movement beyond the norm” (p. 145). Tyrrell and Carter (2009) say that foot orthotics are custom-made mechanical supports fashioned to alter the interaction between the foot and the ground and/or to alter the alignment of the anatomy of the foot. Foot orthotics typically require precise construction to meet therapy goals. The book Therapeutic Footwear (Tyrrell & Carter, 2009) gives detailed directions on measuring and fitting footwear for special needs. See Figure 8.14 for an illustration of some orthotic designs. The simple orthotic insert illustrated in 8.14-A replaces the right shoe insole. Note the contour of the medial arch. Another orthotic design of pliable textiles with foot and ankle coverage is illustrated in 8.14-B. The shoe must coordinate with any orthotic; the orthosis and shoe are considered as a single therapeutic unit (Tyrrell & Carter, 2009).
The Arch Analysis with 3D Foot Model Under Different Weight-loading
Published in Vincent G. Duffy, Advances in Applied Human Modeling and Simulation, 2012
One of the more important and highly variable structural char acteristics of the human foot is its medial longitudinal arch (Cavanagh and Rodgers, 1987; Shiang et al., 1998), which provides necessary shock absorption for the foot during activity (Shiang et al., 1998; Williams and McClay, 2000).Variations in arches and severe gait problems are “treated” with orthotic devices (Williams and McClay, 2000). When orthotic devices are prescribed for use in running, they have positive effects in only approximately 70% to 80% of runners (Gross el al., 1991; Saxena and Haddad, 1998). The design, development, and fabrication of orthoses are critical to their effectiveness. Orthoses that effectively support the longitudinal arches of the foot have been found to significantly decrease strain in the plantar aponeurosis (Kogler, 1996).
Computer-aided reverse engineering system in the design and production of orthotic insole shoes for patients with diabetes
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Paulus Wisnu Anggoro, M. Tauviqirrahman, J. Jamari, A. P. Bayuseno, B. Bawono, M. M. Avelina
The foot ulceration of a patient with diabetes may be healed using custom-made foot orthoses (Bernabéu et al., 2013) and proper fitting footwear can help prevent ulcerations and amputations. Foot orthotics can be implemented for pain relief to increase the heel cushion, correct flexible deformity, increase foot stability, and/or prevent skin breakdowns (Salles & Gyi, 2012). Custom orthotic shoes are promising methods for foot pain treatment and lower limb pathology; they allow an individualized prescription for designing personalized footwear with good fit and comfort (Ye et al., 2008).
Evaluation of a lower-extremity robotic exoskeleton for people with knee osteoarthritis
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Chris McGibbon, Andrew Sexton, Arun Jayaraman, Susan Deems-Dluhy, Eric Fabara, Catherine Adans-Dester, Paolo Bonato, Francois Marquis, Sylvie Turmel, Etienne Belzile
Adverse events were minimal and consistent with wearing orthotic devices. Results of the usability study show that participants in the trial tolerated very well using Keeogo™ in the home. Comfort, ease of use, and satisfaction with use were all favorable, although they also highlighted improvements that could be made, such as reducing weight of the device and improving the battery (life and weight). Participants rated Keeogo™ as being safe during walking and stair climbing.