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Flood and drought mitigation measures and strategies
Published in Saowanit Prabnakorn, Integrated Flood and Drought Mitigation Measures and Strategies, 2020
For the controversial projects such as Rasi Salai, Hua Na, and Pak Mun dams, if the government wishes to continue the plans, the post-implementation monitoring and reviews should be sufficiently conducted over many years, although they are not a legal obligation. It is because the large water projects, which resulted in ecosystem degradation, not only affect local people livelihoods but also connect to several health issues, e.g., snail-borne diseases such as schistosomiasis (blood fluke infection) or opisthorchiasis (liver fluke infection), and mosquito-borne diseases such as malaria and filiariasis (Keiser et al., 2005; Service, 1991; Shannon, 2005). These undesirable side-effects are usually received little attention because other priorities, e.g., maximizing or increasing agricultural production and economics, dominate the scene (Service, 1991). The reviews should include all relevant aspects, including environmental, social, health, economic impacts, and need the greater intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration of all stakeholders. The knowledge of local communities should not be ignored or undervalued as the locals are directly impacted by the development projects.
Environmental Considerations
Published in Hillary S. Egna, Claude E. Boyd, Dynamics of POND Aquaculture, 2017
Wayne K. Seim, Claude E. Boyd, James S. Diana
Two general groups of trematode-caused diseases will be considered here, (1) opisthorchiasis (sometimes clonorchiasis) from liver and intestinal flukes (fishborne trematodes, FBTs) that are transmitted to humans via consumption of raw or improperly prepared fish or shellfish and (2) schistosomiasis, transmitted to humans via water contact (waterborne trematodes, WBTs). Of the FBTs, liver fluke species such as Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis felineus, and O. viverrini (Asiatic liver fluke, endemic in Southeast Asia, China, Korea, Japan, and countries formerly in the USSR) are of more human health importance than the intestinal FBTs such as Fasciolopsis (giant intestinal fluke of Asia) (Larsson, 1994; Santos, 1994). Intestinal trematodes, though of less importance, still represent over 70 species of flukes infecting over 1 million people. Liver flukes infect over 50 million people worldwide, especially in eastern and southern Asia (Santos, 1994). Symptoms of chronic human infection includes gastrointestinal dysfunction, jaundice, fatigue, fever, and respiratory problems. Intermediate hosts are snails and freshwater fish; final hosts are mammals, including humans, cats, dogs, pigs, and wild animals, where consumed cercariae or metacercaria develop to adults in the liver bile ducts. Adults produce eggs that enter aquatic systems via defecated wastes, continuing the cycle where suitable intermediate hosts exist.
A systematic review and meta-analysis on the co-infection of Helicobacter pylori with intestinal parasites: public health issue or neglected correlation?
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2022
Ali Taghipour, Saeed Bahadory, Milad Badri, Abbas Yadegar, Elnaz Sadat Mirsamadi, Hamed Mirjalali, Mohammad Reza Zali
Although very few studies have been performed on the co-infection of H. pylori and helminths, the risk of co-infection of H. pylori and some helminths should not be ignored (Deenonpoe et al. 2017; Edwards et al. 2018). For example, recent reports suggest that H. pylori is a neglected risk factor for the pathogenesis of chronic opisthorchiasis, and their concomitant infection has been considered as a motivating factor in the development of cholangiocarcinoma (Deenonpoe et al. 2017). However, the positive role of helminth therapy could be interesting, as well. In an experimental study, Fox et al. (2000) indicated that Heligmosomoides polygyrus modulated inflammatory responses and reduced Helicobacter-induced gastric atrophy. This may suggest the severe H. pylori infection as another potential target for helminth therapy.