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Conducting Polymer-Based Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering
Published in Ram K. Gupta, Conducting Polymers, 2022
Murugan Prasathkumar, Chenthamara Dhrisya, Salim Anisha, Robert Becky, Subramaniam Sadhasivam
The neurotrophic factors like nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), BDNF, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), FGF, TGF-β, and glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) are commonly involved in neural regeneration. Encapsulating the growth factors/therapeutic drugs on the conductive scaffolds can stabilize the controlled release of the drug for constructive regeneration of the nerve cells. The PLGA/dextran/hyaluronic acid scaffold is a classic example of the encapsulation and delivery of BDNF at the site of spinal cord injury. The developed hydrogel showed excellent electrical conductivity mimicking the natural spinal cord and exhibited a stable release of BDNF. Moreover, histological results demonstrated the neural differentiation to neurons and inhibitory effects on astrocytes differentiation as astrocytes contribute to the prevention of axonal regeneration during injury [41]. Likewise, injectable gelatin/PANI-based hydrogels with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) could act as a drug delivery system for Parkinson's disease. It also improved the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase positive (TH+) dopaminergic neurons, BDNF, and GDNF [42]. In this way, electroactive materials transmit the electrical cues to the neural tissue and improve the regenerative process.
Role of Nanobiotechnology in Hydrogels and Their Medicinal Advancements
Published in Anujit Ghosal, Ajeet Kaushik, Intelligent Hydrogels in Diagnostics and Therapeutics, 2020
Shumaila Shaukat, Yinmao Wei, Muhammad Arsalan
For the treatment of damaged spinal cord tissues, hydrogel loaded with neurotrophin-3(NT-3) factor results in increased recovery. The hydrogel+NT-3 reduces the collagen deposit and glial scarring, resulting in regeneration of neuronal tissues. Thus, it is an effective growth factor and biomaterial-based therapy for spinal cord injury [72]. Hydrogel scaffold based on hyaluronic acid and peptide PPFLMLLKGSTR function in synergy to strengthen and restore injured spinal cords. Cellular survival and adhesive growth of stem cells are improved using a hyaluronic acid–based scaffold [73]. A new hydrogel microfiber scaffold with cross-linking of gelatin methacryloyl has been developed for regeneration of injured spinal cords. GeIMA hydrogel possesses lower Young’s modulus and soaks more water and promotes angiogenesis and, thus, is suitable for neuronal cells [74]. The swelling, conductive, and mechanical properties of electro-responsive grepheneoxide-poly(acrylic acid) hydrogel makes it compatible with bone marrow–derived stem cells and, thus, is used in artificial muscle and tissue engineering scaffolds [75]. Two sets of poly(amidoamine) hydrogel as scaffold obtained by polyaddition of piperazine with N,N'-methylenebis(acrylamide) are utilized for in vivo nerve regeneration [76].
Nanotherapeutics: Enabling Vitamin D3 as a Multifaceted Nutraceutical
Published in Bhupinder Singh, Minna Hakkarainen, Kamalinder K. Singh, NanoNutraceuticals, 2019
Krantisagar S. More, Vinod S. Ipar, Amit S. Lokhande, Anisha A. D’souza, Padma V. Devarajan
Epilepsy is a chronic disorder, the hallmark of which is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Many people with epilepsy experience more than one type of seizure and may have other symptoms of neurological problems as well. Vitamin D produces anti-epileptic action after binding of 1,25(OH)D to VDR and regulating the expression of several proteins expressed in the nervous system including neurotrophins such as neurotrophin-3, neurotrophin-4, and nerve growth factor and glial cell derived neurotrophic factor as well as parvalbumin a calcium binding protein and inhibiting the synthesis of the nitric oxid synthetase (Mpandzou et al., 2016). Parvalbumin, known for its antiepileptic effects while inhibiting nitric oxide synthetase, is thought to convey general neuroprotective effects. Vitamin D, after binding to membrane-bound VDR, modulates the expression of GABA(A) receptor, thus controlling neuronal excitability (Hollo et al., 2014; Pendo and DeGiorgio, 2016).
Biomedical applications of polymer and ceramic coatings: a review of recent developments
Published in Transactions of the IMF, 2022
J. R. Smith, D. A. Lamprou, C. Larson, S. J. Upson
Electrochemical methods are also used to deposit ICPS onto conducting substrates. Examples of drugs incorporated in the review include: N-methylphenothiazine, phenothiazine, quercetin, ciprofloxacin, neurotrophin-3, chlorpromazine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, risperidone, acetylcholine chloride, dopamine hydrobromide, ibuprofen (anionic form), methotrexate, heparin, ATP and betulin.