Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Introduction
Published in Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty, Brain Computer Interface, 2022
Narayan Panigrahi, Saraju P. Mohanty
Brain imaging techniques or neuroimaging techniques allow doctors and researchers to view activity or problems within the human brain, without invasive neurosurgery. There are a number of accepted, safe imaging techniques in use today in research facilities and hospitals throughout the world. Prominent brain imaging techniques that are available to cognitive neuroscientists, including positron emission tomography (PET), near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), magnetoencephalogram (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We discuss most of the available neuroimaging techniques in this section but focus on EEG and fMRI because they are the most widely used techniques.
Intelligent Algorithms for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
Published in Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem, Innovative Smart Healthcare and Bio-Medical Systems, 2020
Sarah A. Soliman, Rania R. Hussein, El-Sayed A. El-Dahshan, Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem
Brain imaging techniques allow doctors and researchers, without invasive neurosurgery, to see behavior or issues within the human brain. Recent research has found that a range of approved, secure imaging techniques are in use today. There are many imaging modalities [18] that allow physicians and researchers to study the brain in a noninvasive manner. Computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and MRI [18–19] can provide brain tissues information from a variety of sequences of excitation. MRI provides superior contrast to various brain regions compared to all other imaging modalities. MRI is effective in the application of brain tumor detection and identification [20] due to high soft tissue contrast, high spatial resolution, and no harmful radiation, and is a non-invasive procedure.
History and Overview of Neural Engineering
Published in Joseph D. Bronzino, Donald R. Peterson, Biomedical Engineering Fundamentals, 2019
Daniel J. DiLorenzo and Robert E. Gross
Stereotactic and functional neurosurgery-which takes its origins at the beginning of neurosurgery in the late nineteenth century, but which as a society dates to the 1940s-has mainly concerned itself with the surgical treatment of nervous system conditions that manifest as disordered function, including movement disorders (Parkinson’s disease, tremor, dystonia), pain, epilepsy and psychiatric illnesses. In the rst part of the last century, the surgical treatment of these disorders usually involved ablation of nervous tissue, but this has almost completely been supplanted by the advent of electrical neurostimulation. Other modalities within the purview of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery include pharmacological and biological therapies that are delivered via surgical techniques.
Neurological disease prediction using impaired gait analysis for foot position in cerebellar ataxia by ensemble approach
Published in Automatika, 2023
M. Shanmuga Sundari, Vijaya Chandra Jadala
Although the motor symptoms of cerebellar ataxia (CA) are the most well-known, numerous non-motor symptoms have also been reported [1]. Irregular actions and the inability to suppress urges are hallmarks of the psychiatric disorders known as impulse control disorders (ICDs). A well-known area of medical specialization is neurological specialization [2]. The brain instructs the body on how to respond to events. Using this research, we can pinpoint the activity issue and determine the nervous system's capacity. A disruption in a person's activity rhythm may result in neurological diseases. Brain, spine and nerve damage are the focus of neurosurgery. Our specialists use neurosurgery to treat neurological diseases. Finding activity patterns [3] in the medical field is difficult. We must observe the patient's motions in order to pinpoint the condition [4]. Issue identification and pinpointing the issue is very difficult in the early stage of neuro disease. A patient's death could occur due to any failure in their medical care.
Computer-assisted surgery in medical and dental applications
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Yen-Wei Chen, Brian W. Hanak, Tzu-Chian Yang, Taylor A. Wilson, Jenovie M. Hsia, Hollie E. Walsh, Huai-Che Shih, Kanako J. Nagatomo
Mazor XTM utilizes a robotic arm mounted to the operative table with a closed-loop connection to a platform rigidly fixed to the patient’s skeletal anatomy. Instruments, pedicle screws, and other implants are guided by the robotic arm to the precise target within the patient’s spine. The device is registered using a single non-radiographic snapshot image and utilizes three-dimensional cameras to map the surgical site. The MazorTM robot allows for both preoperative and intraoperative planning. The intraoperative planning, or ‘scan and plan’ feature allows the neurosurgeon to obtain an intraoperative fluoroscopic or CT image and merge that intraoperative acquired imaging with preoperative imaging, allowing the surgeon to perform real-time planning during the surgery itself. Studies using the MazorTM robot have shown that robotic-associated pedicle screw placement leads to fewer violations of bony anatomy and optimizes trajectory with improved convergence orientation of screws [18]. Furthermore, robotic-assisted spinal surgery has been shown to decrease fluoroscopy time, time to place each pedicle screw, operative time, and overall hospital length of stay due to the less invasive surgical incision [19].