China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Magnetic Nanosensors
Published in Vinod Kumar Khanna, Nanosensors, 2021
Medical decision making is increasingly based on molecular testing. Some of the crucial issues involved are as follows. Detection across varied samples is difficult. A urologist (a physician who has specialized knowledge and skill regarding problems of the male and female urinary tract and the male reproductive organs) supplies a urine sample, a neurologist dealing with disorders of the nervous system gives cerebrospinal fluid (a protective nourishing fluid that circulates around the brain and spinal cord of the central nervous system), a cardiologist (a heart specialist) provides blood, or an oncologist (a physician who studies, diagnoses and treats cancerous tumors) supplies cell lysates (the cellular debris and fluid produced by lysis). The diversity of such supporting matrices has stalled the generalization and sensitivity of protein-detection platforms, thus greatly degrading their clinical utility. Another serious impediment is signal distortion that occurs in various matrices due to heterogeneity in ionic strength, pH, temperature, and autofluorescence (the fluorescence of substances other than the fluorophore of interest, increasing the background signal). In addition, sample preparation is in itself an elaborate and intricate preparatory step for any analysis. Samples need to be made in pure water or in accurately controlled salt solutions.
Misinterpreting Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Blaming the Patient
Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
Georgine Vroman, Nene Cohen, Nancy Volkman
All patients in the clinic are routinely seen by a physician experienced in geriatric medicine, who also makes the necessary medical referrals. It is important to be aware of medical conditions that can cause secondary cognitive deficits. The patients also see a psychologist who supervises any testing needed and offers psychotherapy if the patient is a likely candidate. The psychologist collaborates with the psychiatrist on the diagnosis of possible mental illness and on the need for psychopharmacological treatment, including that for insomnia. A neurologist will be consulted if a dementia or other neurological condition is suspected. A social worker discusses with the patients what their needs and resources are and offers specific services. A nurse-practioner gets involved in routine medical procedures and discusses the intended medical treatment with the patient. The mental health division of the geriatric clinic works in close cooperation with its medical division.
B
Published in Carl W. Hall, Laws and Models, 2018
Keywords: bath, body, medicine, physiology, temperature BARUCH, Simon, 1840-1921, American physician Sources: Friel, J. P. 1974; Landau, S. I. 1986. BASIC WIND LAW--SEE BUYS BALLOT LAW; STORMS Source: Fairbridge, R. W. 1967. BASIN AREAS, LAW OF (1956) The direct geometric relation between stream order and the mean basin area of each order in a given drainage basis expressed as a linear regression of the logarithm of mean basin area to the stream order, the positive regression coefficient being the logarithm of the basin-area ratio that was originally stated by S. Schumm. Keywords: basin area, drainage, stream SCHUMM, Stanley A., twentieth century (b. 1927), American geologist Sources: Bates, R. L. and Jackson, J. A. 1980. 1984; Gary, M. et al. 1972. See also BAER BASTIAN-BRUNS LAW; BASTIAN LAW; BASTIAN-BRUNS SIGN The tendon reflexes of the lower extremities are abolished if there is a complete traverse lesion in the spinal cord cephalad (toward the head) to the lumbar (near the loin) enlargement. Keywords: alexia, medicine, physiology, reflex, spinal cord, tendon BASTIAN, Henry Charlton, 1837-1915, English neurologist BRUNS, Ludwig von, 1858-1916, German neurologist Sources: Friel, J. P. 1974; Landau, S. I. 1986. BAUMS LAW--SEE COLLES BAUSCHINGER EFFECT If a stable metal has been unloaded and then the stress increased to a level that will cause plastic strain again, plastic flow occurs more easily than if unloading had not occurred, with the difference being particularly large when the direction of strain is reversed (Fig. B.2). Keywords: loading, specimen, reloading, stress, yield BAUSCHINGER, Johann, 1833-1893, Austrian engineer Sources: Flugge, W. 1962; Goldsmith, W. 1960; Reiner, M. 1960.
The role of low-level vagus nerve stimulation in cardiac therapy
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Yuhong Wang, Sunny S. Po, Benjamin J. Scherlag, Lilei Yu, Hong Jiang
The idea of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was first introduced by the American neurologist James Corning in the 1890s to enhance the activity of the vagal nervous system [1]. Based on later animal and clinical studies, VNS was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration to treat refractory epilepsy in 1997 [2] and treatment-resistant depression in 2005 [3]. Although various studies have been done, the optimal stimulus parameters of VNS are not completely known. In past decades, VNS has often been used as an experimental tool to induce and maintain arrhythmia [4,5]; however, in 2009, Li et al [6]. first reported paradoxical effects of VNS in that low-level VNS (LL-VNS) could significantly suppress arrhythmic inducibility, and the concept of LL-VNS was introduced by this. Delivering the subthreshold stimulation to vagal nerves is considered as LL-VNS, and the lowest voltage level of VNS that slowed the sinus rate or atrioventricular conduction is defined as the threshold [6]. Furthermore, based on findings that the afferent fibers of the surface branch of the vagus nerve are located in the tragus, researchers developed the non-invasive low-level tragus stimulation (LL-TS) to avoid surgical-related side effects [7]. And LL-TS can be considered as a novel noninvasive approach to deliver LL-VNS [7]. In this review, we will discuss the potential of VNS in cardiac diseases and progress in LL-VNS as well as LL-TS.
Task, usability, and error analyses of ambulance-based telemedicine for stroke care
Published in IISE Transactions on Healthcare Systems Engineering, 2021
Hunter Rogers, Kapil Chalil Madathil, Anjali Joseph, Nathan McNeese, Christine Holmstedt, Richard Holden, James T. McElligott
Once the neurologist is connected, they collect information to create the patient history. If the nurse has obtained the medications the patient is taking, any allergies, and the medical or surgical history before the neurologist accesses the REACH consult, they review this information either with the patient or the nurse. Subsequently, the neurologist summarizes the patient history in REACH for the patient’s chart. This process is necessary for the neurologist to develop the mental model of the patient's status and the severity of the patient’s stroke. This initial step of recording the history is necessary for neurologist to form a complete view of the patient before they begin to evaluate the patient based on the stroke scale.
Automatic planning in cognitive training: application to multiple sclerosis
Published in Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Mauro Gaspari, Federica Pinardi, Dario Signorello, Franca Stablum, Sara Zuppiroli
A multidisciplinary team including a neurologist, a neuropsychologist, a computer scientist and a member of the Italian Association for Multiple Sclerosis (AISM) Bologna was set up to conduct the training with individuals affected by MS. The role of the AISM was to recruit individuals affected by MS and to coordinate the activities. The cognitive training project was organized into four main phases, following the approach Gaspari et al. (2023) presented, without including a personalized rehabilitation project for each participant. We designed a playful project constituted by two sets of predefined exercises, the same for all the participants.