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Trends in Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
The cells in the adult brain that have been shown to possess neurogenesis capabilities (the birth of new neurons) are called neural stem cells (NSCs). These NSCs were first reported in adult mice and later they were also found in rats, songbirds, primates, and also in humans. It has been found that adult neurogenesis is mostly restricted in two brain regions, (1) the subventricular zone, which lines the lateral ventricles, and (2) the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. These NSCs can be cultured in vitro as commonly called as neurospheres, floating heterogeneous aggregates of cells that contain a large proportion of stem cells.
Regeneration: Nanomaterials for Tissue Regeneration
Published in Harry F. Tibbals, Medical Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine, 2017
As research uncovers more details of the development and sustaining processes of the brain, new sources of regenerative cells are being found in the adult brain itself. The discovery of neurogenesis and neural stem cells existing in the mature central nervous system presents potential new sources of cells for regenerative therapy. Adult neural stem cells that were previously thought to be irreversibly committed to the production of a single specialized type of neuron in the brain have now been found capable of producing more generalized types of nerve cells [203-205].
Radiobiological Arguments for Assessing the Electromagnetic Hazard to Public Health for the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
Published in Marko Markov, Mobile Communications and Public Health, 2018
It is necessary to pay attention to the statement about the renewal of nerve cells in the hippocampus. In the adult hippocampus, neurogenesis is carried out continuously, and this process serves as the neurobiological basis for the formation of new memory (Van Praag et al., 2002). It is established that the hippocampus, which retains the ability of neurogenesis, plays a key role in the formation of long-term memory, information, and its distribution in the higher parts of the brain. From these results follows the assumption of a possible increased sensitivity of nerves.
Consequences of space radiation on the brain and cardiovascular system
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2021
Catherine M. Davis, Antiño R. Allen, Dawn E. Bowles
The hippocampal formation undergoes structural changes throughout the human lifespan. It is capable of dramatic reorganization, enabling environmental stimuli to impose functional and structural changes on the brain.7 The plasticity of neuronal connections functions through the generation of new neurons and synapses, which enables the brain to store memories.8 Neurogenesis is defined as the series of developmental steps that lead from the division of a neural stem or progenitor cell to a mature, functionally integrated neuron.9 The generation of new neurons from neural stem cells occurs in only two areas of the adult brain: the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the DG in the hippocampus.7 In mammals, precursor cell proliferation occurs in the SGZ throughout life,10,11 resulting in newly born cells that are capable of migrating into the dentate granule cell layer.11 Newborn granule cells pass through several developmental steps, from a dividing progenitor to a mature granule cell that is indistinguishable from granule cells born during embryonic development.12 They develop granule cell morphology, then become functionally integrated into the local circuitry13 and have action potentials and functional synaptic inputs14 about 4 weeks after division.