China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Environmental Ionizing Radiation
Published in Lorris G. Cockerham, Barbara S. Shane, Basic Environmental Toxicology, 2019
Lorris G. Cockerham, Michael B. Cockerham
Radiation therapy has been used almost exclusively for the treatment of malignant neoplasms. The high absorbed dose, 50 to 70 Gy, required in most malignant conditions leads to nonstochastic or direct effects such as cell death. Therefore, normal tissue surrounding the neoplasm may also be exposed and incur long range risk. The risk, however, may be eclipsed by the immediate benefits associated with increased life expectancy resulting from the destruction of the neoplasm.
Comparison and Performance Evaluation Using Convolution Neural Network-Based Deep Learning Models for Skin Cancer Image Classification
Published in Archana Mire, Vinayak Elangovan, Shailaja Patil, Advances in Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis, 2022
A neoplasm is an unusual growth of cells that form a tumor or cyst. According to the WHO, by the end of 2020 approximately 1.81 million new cases of neoplasm were expected. Cases of neoplasm are growing linearly every year and threatening the health of the population.[5] However, not all neoplasms are fatal; some may be benign. Hence, early identification and classification of a neoplasm as malignant or benign is important.
Production of Antibiotics and Anti-Tumor Agents
Published in Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke, Modern Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2017
Nduka Okafor, Benedict C. Okeke
Each cell in the animal (and human) body has a definite function which it carries out in cooperation with other cells. Thus, the brain, the skin, and the intestines are composed of specialized cells which cooperate to carry the functions of these organs. Sometimes however, a cell in any part of the body may no longer cooperate with others with which it normally functions in an organ. Such cells divide indiscriminately and independently of the others to form a structure called a tumor or a neoplasm. Sometimes, the body restricts the growth of tumors by forming a capsule round them. Under these conditions, they do not spread: they are known as benign tumors. However, other tumors grow rapidly and are not restricted by a capsule. Such tumors are malignant. The cells in malignant tumors often break off and are carried via blood vessels and lymphatic vessels to other parts of the body where they initiate new tumors. When such secondary growth occurs away from the primary tumor, the situation is known as metastasis. Tumors are further classified according to the type of tissue they attack. Some of these will be mentioned: a malignant tumor composed of epithelial cells is called a cancer or a carcinoma. Adenocarcinomas are tumors formed around the mucous membranes such as in the alimentary canals. Sarcomas are connective tissue tumors. The term ‘hard’ tumor is sometimes used to distinguish neoplasms formed in the solid parts of the body such as the gut, bones, brain, etc. from those of blood such as leukemia which is a neoplasm of the white blood cells. Neoplasms are treated by one or more of three methods: (1) by surgery to remove the cancer; (2) by radiation which aims at selectively destroying the cancer cells, and (3) by chemotherapy or the use of chemicals which affect the tumor cells without damaging the normal cells. When such chemicals are produced by microorganisms, they are called antitumor antibiotics. Chemotherapy is particularly useful when the disease has metastasized to several sites in the body so that it becomes practically impossible to achieve any success by surgery or by radiation. It is also used after treatment by surgery or radiation to attack those cancerous cells missed by the other two treatments. Many of the chemotherapeutic agents used in cancer treatment are secondary metabolites produced by microorganisms, especially of the genus Streptomyces. This chapter is concerned with these metabolites known as antitumor antibiotics.
Brain Tumor Classification Based on Hybrid Optimized Multi-features Analysis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dataset
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2022
Syed Ali Nawaz, Dost Muhammad Khan, Salman Qadri
The tumor is the deadliest one among ten highly ranked diseases worldwide which may damage many specific parts of the human body like lungs, liver, stomach, spinal cord, or brain. By the annual report of 2018 of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), number of tumor deaths and incoming expected cases were in millions (Ferlay et al. 2021; Sung et al. 2021). Our body comprises 37.5 trillion cells, where only the brain has 100 billion neurons and one trillion glial cells (Bianconi et al. 2013; von Bartheld, Bahney, and Herculano-Houzel 2016). The abnormal growth of these cells is called a tumor or neoplasm and categorized as benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). A malignant tumor grows to the other body parts, but a benign tumor stays at a specific region (Sinha 2018).
Anticancer, in vitro cytotoxicity and antimicrobial properties of a Schiff base ligand, 3-((2-(-(1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)ethylidene)amino)ethyl)imino)-N-(p-tolyl)butanamide, and its metal complexes
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2021
Cancer or malignant neoplasm is a type of illness in which a cluster of cells display unrestrained growth, attack and even sometimes metastasis. It is a serious public health problem throughout the world as the mainly feared diagnosis. Cancer is the second primary reason of human death after cardiovascular diseases in developed as well as in developing countries in the world [28]. At present, the treatment for cancer are primarily surgery and chemotherapy, but the therapeutic effects of the active chemotherapeutic drugs are not good enough and they have bountiful side-effects. The expansion of more efficient drugs for treating patients with tumors has been a main effort over the past five decades [29]. In recent years, a variety of Schiff bases derived from o-hydroxyacetophenone, acetoacetanilide and p-methylacetoacetanilide have been created to be associated with potential anticancer and antimicrobial properties [9, 30]. That is why I selected to prepare a mixed Schiff base ligand derived from o-hydroxyacetophenone and p-methylacetoacetanilide.
REVIEW: Biomedical applications of Schiff base metal complexes
Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2020
Mohammad Nasir Uddin, Sayeda Samina Ahmed, S. M. Rahatul Alam
Cancer or malignant neoplasm, a class of diseases in which a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion and even sometimes metastasis, continues as a serious public health problem. Its treatment includes surgery and chemotherapy, but existing chemotherapeutic drugs have many side effects [162,163]. Though platinum-based complexes like cis-platin have been used for treatment of cancer, it is not effective chemotherapy. Hence researchers seek to develop non-platinum based complexes as anticancer agents [164]. Recently Schiff base derivatives have been found to possess good anticancer properties.