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Nanotechnology: History and Future
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Shalini Chaturvedi, Pragnesh N. Dave
Today, nanotechnology impacts human life every day. The potential benefits are many and diverse. However, because of extensive human exposure to nanoparticles, there is a significant concern about the potential health and environmental risks. These concerns lead to the emergence of additional scientific disciplines including nanotoxicology and nanomedicine. Nanotoxicology is the study of potential adverse health effects of nanoparticles. Nanomedicine, which includes subsectors such as tissue engineering, biomaterials, biosensors, and bioimaging, was developed to study the benefits and risks of nanomaterials used in medicine and medical devices. Some of the potential benefits of medical nanomaterials include improved drug delivery, antibacterial coatings of medical devices, reduced inflammation, better surgical tissue healing, and detection of circulating cancer cells. However, due to lack of reliable toxicity data, the potential to affect human health continues to be a major concern [10–15].
Nanotoxicity
Published in Yubing Xie, The Nanobiotechnology Handbook, 2012
In conventional toxicology, the safety evaluation of bulk materials can be approximately determined by only three factors, including dose, chemical composition, and exposure route. However, many factors, especially the physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles, should be considered when we do the same work. This makes nanotoxicity much more complex and difficult than conventional toxicology. Those physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles that dominate the biological effects are summarized in Table 27.1. From its introduction, significant concerns regarding nanotoxicology have led to ongoing research of nanoparticle features that could potentially cause adverse effects to human health or the ecosystem. If these features can be identified early, then material engineers can design products to avoid or minimize risk. In the meantime, scientists in nanobiotechnology might actively seek special features of nanomaterials to enlarge their applications, such as for enhanced drug penetration into “tough tissues” such as the brain, eyes, or embryo.
Recent Advances in Nanofertilizer Development
Published in Sunil K. Deshmukh, Mandira Kochar, Pawan Kaur, Pushplata Prasad Singh, Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2023
It is well documented that recent advances in nanotechnology, are likely to transform various aspects of human life. However, precautionary measures concerning practical applications of this interdisciplinary research field still need to be considered. This concern has led to the development of the term `nanotoxicology’ which focuses on the assessment of toxicity of nanoparticles, thus ensuring their innocuous design and application (Oberdorster et al., 2005).
A pilot toxicology study of biogenic silver nanoparticles: in vivo by intraperitoneal and intravenous infusion routes in rats
Published in Journal of Experimental Nanoscience, 2019
C. Ashajyothi, R. Kelmani Chandrakanth
Nanotoxicology has emerged as a new discipline to investigate the adverse effects of nanoparticles. In view of the fact that nano-sized particles have been shown to be comparatively more toxic than other size particles. In addition, different size and shape silver nanoparticles have different toxicities [1]. In the recent years, the uses of silver nanoproducts in human activities have been gradually increasing [2]. Because of this, significantly the study on biological effect of nanoparticles and especially their effects on animal and human organisms is also increasing [3]. According to the experiments done on a variety of metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have been shown more toxicity than other metals such as iron, nickel, manganese and aluminium [4].