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Measurement Techniques for Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
Published in Chetan Keswani, Intellectual Property Issues in Nanotechnology, 2020
It is well known that the present traditional fluids (water, oil, kerosene, ethylene glycol (EG), etc.) are widely adopted in various fields. However, because of the low thermal conductivity of these kinds of fluids, the efficiency of the heat transfer is usually too low to apply in devices with high heat flux, such as electronics cooling, solar thermal collectors, and material processing. In order to improve the thermal conductivity of traditional fluids, nanomaterial technology, which is one of the state-of-art technologies, is used. It should be noted that due to the attractive characteristics of a large surface area and quantum effects of the nanomaterials, they possess unique mechanical, electrical, physical, chemical, magnetic, and optical properties.
Potential Applications of Nanobiocatalysis for Sustainable Biofuels Production
Published in Paweł K. Zarzycki, Pure and Functionalized Carbon Based Nanomaterials, 2020
Madan L. Verma, Shivali Sahota, Asim K. Jana
Nanotechnology is a fast-growing domain involving the fabrication and use of nanomaterials (Park et al. 2018, Xie and Huang 2018, Lima et al. 2017). Nanomaterials are the advanced materials that have at least one dimension between 1 and 100 nanometers. Nanomaterials can be synthesised by physio-chemical and biological methods. Although production of nanomaterials by physicochemical methods have employed harsh chemical and environmental conditions, green methods of production of nanomaterials by biological methods are highly preferred (Xie and Huang 2018, Verma et al. 2019). Synthesis of nanomaterials is done by either ‘bottom-up’ or ‘top-down’ processes (Qi et al. 2018, Verma et al. 2016). The properties of nanomaterials differ significantly from those of other materials because of their increased surface area and quantum effects. Recent advances in nanofabrication techniques have made many tailored nanomaterials with unique properties, such as optical, electrical, chemical, and mechanical, etc. (Gao et al. 2018, Han et al. 2018, Li et al. 2017, Verma et al. 2012).
Nanomaterials in Foodstuffs: Toxicological Properties and Risk Assessment
Published in Klaus D. Sattler, st Century Nanoscience – A Handbook, 2020
Holger Sieg, Linda Böhmert, Albert Braeuning, Alfonso Lampen
In recent years, it has been revealed that nanoparticles, for example, titanium dioxide particles, can be detected in different foodstuffs. A nanomaterial is a material that has at least one dimension in nanometer size. More stringent definitions set a range of 1–100 nm. Nanomaterials can be categorized according to their shape into nanoparticles, nano-rods or -wires, nano-films, or structures made out of nanopore-containing materials. Another way of categorizing nanomaterials is by their chemical nature consisting of organic and inorganic compounds. Nanoscaled structures can also be differentiated by their physicochemical properties and the way of formation.
A Review on the interaction between Nanoparticles and Toxic metals in Soil: Meta-analysis of their effects on soil, plants and human health
Published in Soil and Sediment Contamination: An International Journal, 2023
Keita Djibril Sekou, Harshad Patel
Nanomaterials are substances that have specific properties and are often produced or engineered to have them in dimensions generally between 1 and 100 nanometers. The unique characteristics of nanomaterials have led to their widespread production and application in several fields. Nanomaterials are produced in various sizes and shapes, and the production volume is estimated to be multi-ton over a year (Jeevanandam et al. 2018). Nanomaterials are materials that are made up of multiple metals and oxides, carbon-based nanomaterials, and polymeric particulate materials. Nanoscale markets impact various sectors such as healthcare, cosmetics, food and beverage, and home housekeeping. Less is known about the amount of engineered nanomaterials produced due to their huge demand in multiple domains. This information is essential for environmental exposure assessment. In order to sort out the amount of different NPs produced over the last decade and in the next decade, below are some manufactured NPs production data that can provide the amount of NPs production from 2010 to 2030.
Statistical physics double-layer models for the experimental study and theoretical modeling of methyl orange dye adsorption on AlMnTiO nanocomposite
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2023
Mahesh R. Sonawane, Tarulata N. Chhowala, K. E. Suryawanshi, Umesh Fegade, Mu. Naushad, Chinna Bathula
It has been found that organic dye wastewater can be treated with a wide range of various techniques, including photocatalysis,[18,19] adsorption,[20] chemical oxidation,[21] incineration,[22] and biological oxidation.[23] It has been proven that adsorption is the most efficient method because it uses a variety of abundant waste products. Additionally, nanomaterials contribute to sustainability and the economy by reducing waste. Molecules or ions are transferred from the solution to the surface of an adsorbent during the adsorption process. In the process of adsorption, atoms, ions, or molecules in a solution are transposed from their solution to the surface of an adsorbent.[24–26]
Sustainable synthesis of silica nanoparticles from agricultural waste and its utilization in modern technology: A review
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2023
Aiman Shahbaz, Mahnoor Ayaz, Usama Bin Khalid, Laiba Liaqat
Green chemistry and engineering techniques are used to develop environmentally friendly nanomaterials that adhere to sustainability and safety protocols. Nanomaterials are created using environmentally friendly processes that use safe chemicals, consume less energy, and generate less pollution. Conventionally, NPs are synthesized via a chemical procedure in which chemicals are employed due to their overall toxicity and raise severe concerns about developing environmentally friendly processes. The use of natural goods has grown in popularity, and active plant extracts are regularly evaluated for novel medication discoveries. Notably, plant-based nanoparticle manufacturing has major benefits over other technologies (Parveen, Banse, and Ledwani 2016). Here, a few green sources have been presented as follows: