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Effects of Trace Organics in Sewage Sludges on Soil-Plant Systems and Assessing Their Risk to Humans
Published in A. L. Page, T. J. Logan, J. A. Ryan, Land Application of Sludge, 1987
Lee W. Jacobs, George A. O’Connor, Michael A. Overcash, Matthew J. Zabik, Paul Rygiewicz, Paul Rygiewicz, Peter Machno, Sydney Munger, Ahmed A. Elseewi
Nitrosamines are another group of organics which have been found in sewage wastes (Green et al., 1981; Yoneyama, 1981). Although accumulated from nutrient solution and soil by plants (Brewer et al., 1980; Dean-Raymond and Alexander, 1976), nitrosamines appear to be rapidly degraded in soils and plants. Research on N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine found plant uptake could occur initially, but these compounds were rapidly degraded (Dressel, 1976a, 1976b). While traces of nitrosamines are found in nitroanaline based herbicides no detectable nitrosamine was found in soybean shoots due to their rapid degradation (Kearney et al., 1980b). An International Union for Physics and Chemistry (IUPAC) committee assessed the environmental consequences of these trace nitrosamines, and found no risk to the food chain (Kearney et al., 1980a).
Organic Air Pollutants
Published in Stanley E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 2022
deserve special mention as atmospheric contaminants because some are known carcinogens. Nitrosamines include compounds that can attach alkyl groups to DNA resulting in modified DNA that can lead to cancer. Both N-nitrosodimethylamine and N-nitrosodiethylamine have been detected in the atmosphere. In 2019, some ranitidine antacid medications, especially the popular product Zantac, were found to contain low levels of impurity N-nitrosodimethylamine and were banned as a result.
Modelling and Model Validation of Reverse Osmosis Process for Wastewater Treatment
Published in Mudhar Al-Obaidi, Chakib Kara-Zaitri, I. M. Mujtaba, Wastewater Treatment by Reverse Osmosis Process, 2020
Mudhar Al-Obaidi, Chakib Kara-Zaitri, I. M. Mujtaba
The N-nitrosamine stock solutions were prepared in pure methanol and contained 10 mg/L of each N-nitrosamine solute in the tested solution (pH 8.0) (N-nitrosodimethylamine-D6 [NDMA], N-nitrosomethylethylamine-D3 [NMEA], N-nitrosopyrrolidine-D8 [NPYR], N-nitrosodiethylamine-D10 [NDEA], N-nitrosopiperidine-D10 [NPIP], N-nitrosomorpholine-D8 [NMOR], N-nitrosodipropylamine-D14 [NDPA], and N-nitrosodi-n-butylamine-D9 [NDBA]) as summarised in Table 5.8.
Expedition on surface adsorption of N-nitrosodiethylamine from rubber fumes on blue phosphorene sheets – a first-principles insight
Published in Molecular Physics, 2020
R. Bhuvaneswari, V. Nagarajan, R. Chandiramouli
N-Nitrosodiethylamine (C4H10N2O) is a carcinogenic constituent released from the rubber-manufacturing industry. Peoples working in rubber-based factories are naturally subjected to N-nitrosoamines (which includes N-nitrosodiethylamine, N-nitrosodimethylamine, N-nitrosobutylamine, N-nitrosopiperidine and N-nitrosomorpholine) and certain other harmful agents during vulcanisation process. In particular, the physical properties of N-nirosodiethylamine (NDE – in our current study) are its transparent yellow colour, volatility, soluble nature in organic solvents like lipids, water, etc. Besides, the beneficial aspects are it is used as a lubricant additive, antioxidant, gasoline and as a stabiliser in rubber and plastics. On the other hand, NDE has a direct association with lung- [28], brain-, oesophageal- and prostate- cancer [29]. Furthermore, irritation occurs to organs like respiratory tract, eyes, and skin. There is a feasibility of the above-mentioned impairments to occur if the level of NDE exceeds 1gm/L since lymphocytes of humans are damaged at that specified level, which affects the immunity system (as specified by NIOSH – National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health). Whether blue phosphorene can be used as a gas/vapour sensor? The state-of-the-art shows that different form factors of phosphorene can be used as chemical sensors based on adsorption behaviour [30–36]. Our main motive for the proposed research is to discover the ability of this astonishing 2D nanomaterial, blue phosphorene in sensing the toxic N-Nitrosodiethylamine.
Perspectives on trace chemical safety and chemophobia: risk communication and risk management
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Byung-Mu Lee, Seok Kwon, Yun Mi Cho, Kyu-Bong Kim, Kyungwon Seo, Choong Sik Min, Kyoungeun Kim
Nitrosamines, such as N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA, Group 2A), N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA, Group 2A), and N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA, Group 2B), are often detected in consumer products and classified as probable (Group 2A) or possible (Group 2B) human carcinogens by IARC (Lim et al. 2018b; IARC 2018). The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) suggested in 2012 that a limit of 50 µg/kg for nitrosamines needs to be applied to both raw materials and finished products (SCCS 2012). In 2018, the anti-hypertensive drug valsartan was recalled from market in many countries including Asia (South Korea, China, Taiwan, Japan, etc.), Europe (Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Austria, etc.), and North America (Canada, USA).