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Land Contamination
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen and are basic. Three widely used amine compounds are methylamine, dimethylamine and trimethylamine, which are prepared by the reaction of ammonia with methanol in the presence of a silicoaluminate catalyst (McMurry 2009). Amines are used in the manufacturing of dyes, plant growth regulators and resins and as a precursor in the manufacturing of tires, pharmaceuticals (ephedrine), pesticides, and surfactants (ATSDR 2021i). Trimethylamine also forms naturally from decomposing plant and animal matter (USEPA 2021i). Amines are often gas at room temperature and pressure and are very soluble in water (USEPA 2021i).
Chemistry of Contaminants
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen and are basic. Three widely used amine compounds are methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, which are prepared by the reaction of ammonia with methanol in the presence of a silicoaluminate catalyst (McMurry 2009). Amines are used in the manufacturing of dyes, plant growth regulators, and resins and as a precursor in the manufacturing of tires, pharmaceuticals (ephedrine), pesticides, and surfactants (ATSDR 2021i). Trimethylamine also forms naturally from decomposing plant and animal matter (USEPA 2021i). Amines are often gas at room temperature and pressure and are very soluble in water (USEPA 2021i).
The Science of Air Pollution
Published in Daniel T. Rogers, Environmental Compliance Handbook, 2023
Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen and are basic. Three widely used amine compounds are methylamine, dimethylamine, and trimethylamine, which are prepared by the reaction of ammonia with methanol in the presence of a silicoaluminate catalyst (McMurry 2009). Amines are used in the manufacturing of dyes, plant growth regulators, and resins and as a precursor in the manufacturing of tires, pharmaceuticals (ephedrine), pesticides, and surfactants (ATSDR 2021i). Trimethylamine also forms naturally from decomposing plant and animal matter (USEPA 2021i). Amines are often gas at room temperature and pressure and are very soluble in water (USEPA 2021i).
Evaluation of performance characteristics of polymer-modified slurry seal (PMSS) by replacing filler with ceramic waste powder
Published in Road Materials and Pavement Design, 2023
Alireza Jalalian Khoshnood, Neda Kamboozia, Hassan Ziari, Mahdi Zalnezhad
FTIR test at wavelengths of 400–4000 was used to investigate the chemical properties of pure bitumen and bitumen containing CWP. The results of the FTIR test for the pure bitumen are given in Figure 3. According to the results and the generated peaks, presence of the peak during the wavelengths of 1376 and 1462 indicates presence of C–CH3 and CH2 bonds of the organic compounds of ethylene and methyl (Ongel & Hugener, 2015; Yang et al., 2015). The presence of the peak with the highest adsorption at 2852 and 2922 wavelengths indicates the presence of C–H bond and the functional group of alkenes. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that have a carbon–carbon double bond (C=C). Also, the presence of peak in the 3419 wavelength indicates the presence of a SiO–H bond of organic amino compounds. Amines are ammonia derivatives and form a wide range of nitrogenous organic substances. Figure 4 shows the results of the FTIR test of CWP materials. Based on the intensity of the peaks at different wavelengths, the presence of peak at 462 wavelength shows the presence of geminal groups in the ceramic powder. The presence of peak at 793 wavelength indicates Si–O bond and the presence of silica. Also, the presence of peak in the 1830 and 3087 wavelengths indicates the Si–O2 bond and the presence of silicon oxide and quartz in the CWP (Hussein et al., 2017).
Purification and upgrading biogas from anaerobic digestion using chemical asborption of CO2 with amines in order to produce biomethane as biofuel for vehicles: a pilot-scale study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Mercedes Sánchez Bas, Antonio J. Aragón, Juan C. Torres, Francisco Osorio
The most commonly used amines are monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) (Nguyen et al. 2021), and other amine compounds, such as diglycolamine (DGA), piperazine (PZ), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), and diisopropanolamine (DIPA) (Morero et al. 2011). An essential aspect to take into account is the relative basic strength (pKa) of each amine, as it marks its potency to absorb acid gases such as CO2. According to this distinction, they can be ordered as follows: MEA = DGA > DEA > MDEA (Luis 2016). Based on the bibliography consulted, this study will analyze the absorption efficiency of MEA and MDEA amines, since both have good efficiency absorption results in other studies (Leonzio 2016; Mindaryani, Budhijanto, and Ningrum 2016; Morero and Campanella 2013; Park et al. 2017). MEA stands out for its high reactivity with CO2, while MDEA has a CO2 loading higher than MEA (0.5 mol CO2/mol MEA and 1 mol CO2/mol MDEA).
The Knoevenagel reaction: a review of the unfinished treasure map to forming carbon–carbon bonds
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2020
Koen van Beurden, Steffijn de Koning, Dennis Molendijk, Jack van Schijndel
Amines contain and are constructed from one or more atoms of nitrogen. Amines are categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary based upon the number of alkyl groups linked to the nitrogen atom. The amine compounds that have one alkyl group attached to the nitrogen atom are named primary (1e). In contrast, those with two or three alkyl groups connected to the nitrogen atom are secondary (2e) and tertiary (3e), respectively. Amines, like ammonia, are weak bases (Kb = 10−4–10−6). This basicity has its origin in the unshared electron pair on the nitrogen atom. These unshared electrons produce an electron density around the nitrogen atom. The higher the electron density, the more basic character of the molecule. Functional groups that donate electrons, like the alkyl groups, will increase the basicity of amines. So theoretically, the order of base strength will increase from ammonia (least basic) to tertiary amine (most basic).