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Medical biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
HSCs are multipotent stem cells that give rise to all the blood cell types, including myeloid (monocytes and macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, mega-karyocytes/platelets, dendritic cells) and lymphoid lineages (T cells, B cells, NK cells). The definition of HSCs has undergone considerable revision in the last two decades. The hematopoietic tissue contains cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities and committed multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors. Recently, long-term transplantation experiments point toward a clonal diversity model of HSCs. Here, the HSC compartment consists of a fixed number of different types of HSCs, each with an epigenetically preprogrammed behavior. This contradicts older models of HSC behavior, which postulated a single type of HSC that can be continuously molded into different subtypes of HSCs. HSCs constitute 1:10.000 of cells in the myeloid tissue. HSCs are found in the bone marrow of adults, which includes femurs, hip, ribs, sternum, and other bones. Cells can be obtained directly by removal from the hip using a needle and syringe, or from the blood following pretreatment with cytokines such as G-CSFs, which induce cells to be released from the bone marrow compartment. Other sources for clinical and scientific use include umbilical cord blood, placenta, and mobilized peripheral blood. For experimental purposes, fetal liver, fetal spleen, and aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) of animals are also useful sources of HSCs.
Chemoprotection by Kolaviron of Garcinia kola in Benzene-induced leukemogenesis in Wistar rats
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2022
Olaniyi Solomon Ola, Esther Oladayo Ogunkanmbi, Emmanuel Babatife Opeodu
Most cancer chemotherapy regimens and even the remission-induction therapy for the treatment of leukemia are accompanied by severe side effects besides their chemotherapeutic efficacy [8,9]. There is a need for modified treatment and intensive assessment of cytotoxic agents in the field of oncology [10] because many cytotoxic agents conferred severe side effects during the course of treatment [11,12]. Most commonly, some cancer chemotherapeutic agents are radiomimetic in nature especially alkylating agents affecting hematology, bone marrow cellularity and effective dysplasia formation in myeloid tissue, which may ultimately result in therapy-related myelodysplasia or acute myelogenous leukemia [13]. Therefore, leukemia burden has led to increased research in isolation and identification of more cytotoxic agents [14,15]. Considerably, herbal medicine that presents natural compounds of sufficient chemotherapeutic effect with little or no side effects may be investigated for cancer chemotherapy. One such natural compound is kolaviron, which is a biflavonoid isolate of the seed of Garcinia kola extract. It is a defatted fraction of Garcinia kola seed with valuable major constituents such as Garcinia biflavonoids GB1 and GB2 and kolaflavone [16,17]. It has organ protective capability [18], improved hematological indices and offered immunity boosting effects [19]. The safety profile of kolaviron, its antioxidant properties and antiproliferative capacity have been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo [20–21]. Moreover, it is known to offer protection against xenobiotic and chemical-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicities in experimental murine models [22,23]. Therefore, the present work investigated the myeloprotective effect of kolaviron on benzene-induced bone marrow dysplasia in Wistar rats.