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Pulmonary complications of bone-marrow and stem-cell transplantation
Published in Philippe Camus, Edward C Rosenow, Drug-induced and Iatrogenic Respiratory Disease, 2010
Bekele Afessa, Andrew D Badley, Steve G Peters
Significant mucosal barrier injury occurs in about 75 per cent of HSCT recipients.100 Total body irradiation, allogeneic transplant, leukaemia and delayed neutrophil engraftment are risk factors for mucositis in HSCT recipients.101 Upper airway inflammation due to mucositis may lead to laryngeal oedema, dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia. Life-threatening upper airway complications are more common in children.102,103 The severity of mucositis is associated with secondary infection, requirement for narcotics, longer duration of parenteral nutrition and hospital length of stay, and overall mortality.101,104
Future Developments in Human Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Oral mucositis, a painful inflammation linked to cancer treatment, is seen in up to 80% of patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and in up to 100% of patients receiving radiation for head and neck cancer. Mucositis occurs in approximately 40% of patients receiving conventional chemotherapy.42 Mucositis usually becomes symptomatic 4–5 days after beginning treatment, reaching a peak at around day 10 and then slowly improving over the course of a few weeks. Mucositis associated with radiotherapy usually appears at the end of the second week of treatment and may last for six to eight weeks.43
Possible radio-protective effects of cinnamon on induced mucositis in buccal mucosa of albino rats subjected to gamma radiation
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Khaled E. El-Haddad, Reham M. Amin, Randa H. Mokhtar, Nabil A. El-Faramawy
In the present study, the possible exacerbation of the induced mucositis by irradiation was studied on experimental animals’ buccal mucosa on days 1, 2 and 3 of irradiation because the oral side effects develop during radiotherapy in the early stages (17). Early inflammation is an essential component of early radiogenic oral mucositis (20). The time to onset of necrosis was found to be dose-dependent (21). Thus, in the current study, several doses of gamma radiation (2, 4, 6 Gy) were used to assess the effect of these different doses on the buccal mucosa. We selected 3 doses for irradiation (2, 4 and 6 Gy), the highest dose (6 Gy) which was reported to be the LD50/30 which means that this dose lethal dose (LD) to 50% of the rats at 30 days (22). Thus, the doses of our study reflecting different degrees of risk in human radiotherapy including this LD50/30 dose in addition to other lower doses to assess the dose dependence of the effects. The selected dose for Cinnamon administration was 10 mg/kg body weight aqueous solution. Similar dose was reported to have a palliative effect on gastric lesions in mice after oral administration of the extract at a dosage of 5–10 mg/kg body weight (23). Moreover, Bujnakova, et al., (24) confirmed that dietary administration of cinnamon oil could possess potential therapeutic effects on bacterial translocation and intestinal wall injury in colitis (24). We aimed to assess this dose in the healing of the oral mucosa which has structural similarity to the gastric and intestinal mucosa.
Preparations and properties of drug-eluting embolization microspheres based on modified gelatin
Published in Soft Materials, 2018
Liping Zhang, Ming Liu, Tian Qi, Haili Zhou, Caihua Ni
Liver cancer is a common malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality (1,2). In traditional chemotherapy methods, high-dose drugs flow through the body, which causes severe toxicity to the body (3) including myelosuppression, nausea, mucositis, hair loss, vomiting, and so on. Arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is considered an effective mean of treating cancer patients in the later stages (4) and this method is widely used in the clinical interventional treatment of liver malignancies. In this treatment a embolization agent is introduced into the blood vessel via vascular minimally invasive surgery (5,6). The embolization agent clears the nutrient and oxygen supply of organs, tissues or tumors by blocking blood flow for inhibiting tumor growth (7). Drug-eluting microspheres (DEM) were proposed in the 1980s and commercialized around 12 years ago, the first reported commercial product being DC Bead (8). The principle of DEM in arterial embolization is to block the tumor-feeding artery to starve the tumor of nutrients and oxygen, while delivering an anticancer agent locally to the tumor sit, and to remarkably increase tumor drug concentration (9,10). Currently commercial available DEM are polymer hydrogels and are non-biodegradable (11). Embolic agents that appeared recently in the European market are composed of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium acrylate (12). The structure contains a large number of carboxyl groups which can load positively charged anticancer drugs such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) and irinotecan hydrochloride (13,14).
Ozonated Water Promotes in vitro Decontamination of Dental Implants Surface
Published in Ozone: Science & Engineering, 2023
Renato Bitencourt Rosado, Eder José Cruz, Thainá Pinheiro de Souza, Karina Maria Salvatore Freitas, Mariana Aparecida Lopes Ortiz, Samira Salmeron
The treatment with dental implants has shown efficacy in replacing lost teeth, presenting successful high rates over time (Quirynen et al. 2014). Nonetheless, complications are likely to occur, and with the increase in the number of placed implants, it has also been verified a raise in these complications (Dreyer et al. 2018; Wang et al. 2017) mainly related to local inflammation (Isler et al. 2021), characterizing peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis (Heitz-Mayfield and Salvi 2018; Schwarz et al. 2018).