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Biomechanical topics in soft tissues
Published in Benjamin Loret, Fernando M. F. Simões, Biomechanical Aspects of Soft Tissues, 2017
Benjamin Loret, Fernando M. F. Simões
Some specific sport activities contribute significantly to knee injuries, which amounts to 45% of all athletic injuries. The rupture of the ACL, medial meniscus and lateral meniscus contribute, respectively, to 20.3%, 10.8% and 3.7% [Majewski et al. 2006]. This study was performed in Switzerland and Germany and the sports leading to most injuries are skiing and soccer. In fact, the occurrence of the rupture of ACL is seven times higher for athletes. Analysis of video-taped handball matches has shown that ACL rupture was associated with a valgus knee flexion and tibia rotation. Knee braces constraining extension and modifying flexion at landing have been suggested to limit ACL rupture in skiing, basketball and handball [Yu et al. 2004].
Preparation of hybrid meniscal constructs using hydrogels and acellular matrices
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2023
Gizem Zihna, Bengisu Topuz, Gülçin Günal, Halil Murat Aydin
Most knee joint disabilities appear in the meniscus tissue by the onset of osteoarthritis. Meniscus injury rates vary from 12% to 14% with a prevalence of 61 cases per 100.000 people [4]. Meniscal injuries typically occur in a reaction to rotational forces and axial loads created by shear loading on the meniscus. Meniscal lesions can be classified as acute/traumatic abrasions that arise from heavy force applied to the knee joint and degenerative/chronic abrasions occurring in the tissue that loses its flexibility due to age [5, 6]. Since the lateral meniscus is not attached to the lateral collateral ligament and is more mobile, it is less prone to injury than the medial meniscus at a ratio of 2:1 [7]. In addition, most of these tears are deprived of healing by themselves because of hypocellularity and hypervascularization of the tissue. Treatment approaches such as suture technique or repair with tissue adhesives are not at the desired level. Meniscectomy is applied totally or partially depending on the region and type of tears. This approach is accepted as the gold standard of repair by surgeons [8]. Although it is known that MAT is effective in reducing pain, and improving quality of life and function, it has certain limitations due to the risk of disease transmission, the risk of graft rejection, and the unequal access to allografts in all countries, and the discussion of ethical and economic dimensions. A biomaterial that can mimic the microscopic and macroscopic properties of natural meniscus tissue is still under investigation [9].
Use of the normalcy index for the assessment of abnormal gait in the anterior cruciate ligament deficiency combined with meniscus injury
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2020
Xiaode Liu, Hongshi Huang, Shuang Ren, Qiguo Rong, Yingfang Ao
Interpatient NI differences in ACLD patients, either with or without meniscus tears, have also been considered. The result of Jonkheere-Terpsta test showed that higher NI values corresponded to higher severity degrees of injury. For example, the mean score of ACLDM group was higher than that of ACLDL, which implied that there were more abnormal features for ACLDM patients compared with ACLDL patients. The function of lateral meniscus and medial meniscus on the knee joint mobility may provide an explanation of the inference. The lateral meniscus was reportedly more susceptible to the unusual compression and shear forces when performing pivot shift movement (Smith and Barrett 2001), while the medial meniscus is tightly restraint to anteroposterior tibial translation, becoming a wedge between the femur and tibia to stabilize the knee function (Levy et al. 1982). Lateral meniscus is more sensitive to the transverse and frontal movement, playing an important role in postural stability (Lee et al. 2018), while medial meniscus is more susceptible to the sagittal motion. On the other hand, the meniscus transmits 50% to 85% compressive loading through the posterior horns during flexion and extension (Fox et al. 2012). It is well distributed when the meniscus is normal. Total lateral meniscectomy of lateral meniscus results in a 40% to 50% reduction in femoral condyle contact area, while removal of medial meniscus results in a 50% to 70% decrease in contact area (Fox et al. 2012). More increasing in the load per unit area of medial meniscus may contribute to more articular cartilage damage and degeneration than that of lateral meniscus.
Investigation of normal knees kinematics in walking and running at different speeds using a portable motion analysis system
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2021
Rixu Liu, Dongyang Qian, Yushu Chen, Jianyu Zou, Shicong Zheng, Bo Bai, Zefeng Lin, Yu Zhang, Yi Chen
Regarding medial/lateral translation, this study showed that the range of medial/lateral translation increased with the increase in speed. As the speed increased, the tibia translated laterally relative to the femur, and the maximum lateral translation of the tibia increased significantly. According to previous studies, the medial meniscus plays a significant role in restricting the translation and rotation of the tibia (Allen et al., 2000). From an anatomic point of view, the tibial plateau has a concave surface on the medial side and a convex surface on the lateral side, making the contact position of medial side more sensitive to the compressive force than that of the lateral side. When compared to the lateral, with the same intensity of motion, a substantially greater translation occurs at the position of the tibio-femoral contact point in the medial compartment (Andriacchi & Mundermann, 2006; Netravali et al., 2010). Therefore, the medial meniscus is more likely to be injured than the lateral meniscus. With the increase of speed, a greater lateral translation would increase the risk of the medial meniscus injury and is adverse to the knee (Marzo & Gurske-DePerio, 2009). According to the statistics of epidemiology, meniscus injury rate of males is higher than females due to the intensive exercises, and the injury rate of medial meniscus is higher than that of the lateral meniscus (Baker et al., 1985; Y. Zhang, et al., 2016). However, a phenomenon of the anatomical mechanism is unexplained: when the speed of walking or running increases, it causes the increase of medial/lateral translation. Further studies are required to explore this unknown phenomenon.