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Tissue Structure and Function
Published in Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee, Building Tissues, 2018
Joseph W. Freeman, Debabrata Banerjee
Fibrocartilage, also called white cartilage, is a tough tissue. It does not have the same underlying structure that is present in hyaline cartilage. Unlike the other cartilages, fibrocartilage contains type I collagen; overall it contains more collagen than hyaline cartilage and is composed of fibrous connective tissue arranged in parallel bundles (for increased tensile properties); chondrocytes lie between the bundles (Figure 4.22).18 The orientation of the bundles depends upon the stresses acting on the cartilage. In some cases, fibrocartilage is produced when there is significant damage to cartilage and the underlying bone. The collagen bundles are aligned in the direction of the stress applied to it. In other cases, it is found in areas requiring tough support or great tensile strength such as the intervertebral discs, space between the pubic bones in front of the pelvic girdle, connections between ligaments and bone and tendons and bone, and around the edges of the articular cavities such as the glenoid cavity in the shoulder joint. In the connections between tendon and ligament and bone the fibrocartilage acts as a transition between the soft tissue (tendon/ligament) and hard tissue (bone), helping to keep joints together. Fibrocartilage also deepens ball and socket joints such as hips and shoulders. For both of these reasons, fibrocartilage helps to prevent joint dislocation.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Cartilage is not visible on plain radiographs; cartilage disorders are best assessed with MRI. Most cartilages in the body are hyaline or fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage covers the articular surfaces in synovial joints. The labrum is a rim of fibrocartilage that surrounds the articular surfaces of the acetabulum and glenoid. Fibrocartilage also forms the articular discs or menisci of the knee and temporomandibular joint, and the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist.
Particulated juvenile articular cartilage allograft transplantation for osteochondral lesions of the knee and ankle
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Colleen M. Wixted, Travis J. Dekker, Samuel B. Adams
Multiple case series employing this technique have since been published with promising clinical and radiographic results. Buckwalter et al. [84]noted significantly improved KOOS scores in the short term; Tompkins et al. [85] included an extended average follow-up period of 28.8 months and reported similar clinical improvements, although most patients did not return to the same level of sport as prior to injury. The radiological evaluation revealed a mean fill defect of 89% with 80% of knees showing at least 90% of defect coverage. Farr and colleagues [86] had comparable clinical results as the previous studies, noting significant improvements in the IKDC, KOOS, and VAS for pain from baseline to 2 years post-operative. MRI results included T2 weighted scores that were returning to a level approximating that of normal articular cartilage by 2 years. Cartilage biopsies were performed in 8 patients, and histological analysis of these repair tissue samples showed a mixture of hyaline and fibrocartilage with immunopositivity generally higher for type II collagen instead of type I collagen. No reoperations were required throughout the time period of the study, but one graft delamination was reported at 2 years.
Construction of joint model and mechanics characteristic based on biological structure mechanics
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Ning Li, Xinhui Li, Deqiang Chen, Lu Liu, Hong Xu
The knee joint bears at least 80% or even extra weight from the human body. Preliminary research results showed that when both legs are upstanding without flexion, the knee joints are respectively subjected to half of the body weight above the knee, there exits about 43% of the body weight. When upstanding on one leg, there exits about 2 times the body weight. When walking on flat ground, the load on the knee joint can reach 2 to 3 times the weight; when walking fast on flat ground, the load can increase to 4.3 times the weight. When going upstairs or downstairs, the load can reach about 4.4 times and 4.9 times the weight, respectively. When running, the load is about 4 times. when playing a ball game, it is about 6 times, if squatting down or kneeling down in playing, the load can be increased to about 8 times. The anatomical structure of the knee joint showed that there was about a thickness of 3-7mm cartilage in the end face of the femoral and tibial, which possessed a certain compressibility and recovery elasticity. The end face of the femoral and tibial is filled with a “C” or “O” shaped meniscus, which is a viscoelastic fibrocartilage and acts to buffer and disperse the load. Considering the actual human weight, the design parameters were set the average load of 40 kg, 50 kg, 60 kg, and 70 kg to the knee joint. To understand the distribution of force on the leg, the researth of the condition were set as upright position (that’s mean there is 0°angle between the femur and tibia), half-squat position (there is 45-60°angle between the femur and tibia), and flat position (there means the femur is parallel to the ground). The finite element technique was used to analyze the force distribution on the femur, tibia and meniscus.
Study on the poroelastic behaviors of the defected articular cartilage
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Yuqin Sun, Ningning Wang, Jianhao Yu, Yang Yan, Hao Dong, Xiaogang Wu, Meizhen Zhang, Yanqin Wang, Pengcui Li, Xiaochun Wei, Weiyi Chen
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with multiple factors which has become a major threat to human health. During the development of OA, the lesions of multiple tissues such as hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, synovium membrane, ligaments and subchondral bone are involved (Hubert et al. 2020). While the Pathogenesis of OA initiation and progression remain incompletely understood, it is well established that cartilaginous lesion is an important part of its process (Chen et al. 2017). The examination of knee arthroscopy showed that 63% of patients were diagnosed with chondral defects (Curl et al. 1997).