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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Obstruction or destruction of the lymphatic channels may lead to the condition of lymphedema, an accumulation of normal, non-infected lymph fluid within the tissues distal to the lymph blockage creating a swollen limb. Surgical disruption of lymph vessels or removal of lymph nodes is the major cause of lymphedema in developed countries (Figure 11.44). Lymphedema can be classified as mild (10%–20%), moderate (20%–40%), or severe (>40%), referring to the percentage of increase in limb volume. In mild and moderate cases, the involved limb is diffusely warmer than contralateral by up to 2°C (3.6°F), though this increase may not be present in the case of decreased arterial inflow. Also, as lymphedema becomes severe, skin warming may not be present due to decreased muscular activity, soft tissue degeneration, skin fibrosis, and deposition of dysfunctional subdermal fat in the affected limb.198
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Look at the distribution of the lymph nodes illustrated in Figure 2.16-C. The lymph nodes are small, localized enlargements embedded in the vessels of the lymphatic system. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid, removing solids; including bacteria, parasites, and foreign materials. They also produce blood cells to fight infections and cancers. Lymph nodes swell when they are challenged by infections or foreign materials. The spleen is a large lymphatic organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen. It produces blood cells. See Chapter 4 for further discussion on protection for this vital organ.
Miscellaneous procedures
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The lymphatic system is an extensive network of fine capillaries that drain interstitial fluid from all organs in the body except those in the central nervous system (Fig. 13.18). The fine capillaries join to form long fine vessels that have valves at intervals, giving them a knotted or beaded appearance. Lymph nodes are situated at various intervals along the course of lymphatic vessels. The lymph nodes produce lymphocytes and also act as a filter to remove bacteria and foreign particles entering them. Their size varies according to location and type of disease process.
Statistical modelling for cancer mortality
Published in Letters in Biomathematics, 2019
Surgery is the primary method of treatment to cancer therapy. It is an important part of definitive diagnosis and staging of tumours. In localized cancer, surgery typically attempts to remove the entire mass along with, in certain cases, the lymph nodes in the area. For some types of cancer it is sufficient to eliminate the cancer.