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Integrating Digital Transformation Strategies into Firms: Values, Routes and Best Practice Examples
Published in Pedro Novo Melo, Carolina Machado, Management and Technological Challenges in the Digital Age, 2018
Mirjana Pejić Bach, Mario Spremić, Dalia Suša Vugec
In 2014, Illumina was the first company on the MIT 50 smartest list due to its position at the top of the genome-sequencing business (MIT Technology Review, 2014). Illumina used 10 of its machines in parallel, which enabled a person’s genome to be read for a price of just $1000 and enabled people to review their analysed genomes via an iPad application (Zimmerman, 2014). It also enables better and more precise understanding of diseases for researchers, which could result in personalised medical treatments (Zimmerman, 2014). In 2015, Illumina took the third place on the list. Illumina shifted its fast DNA-reading machines from research applications primarily to hospitals and cancer clinics, and 90% of all DNA data is now estimated to be produced on Illumina’s machines (MIT Technology Review, 2015). Last year, Illumina remained on the third place in the list, because this was the year when Illumina founded a new company called Grail, primarily concentrating on developing blood tests that could detect many cancer types before the symptoms arise. These tests should be rather cheap, costing $1000 or less, and could greatly improve the chances of survival for patients. The test is called a liquid biopsy and uses Illumina’s machines to search for fragments of DNA released by cancer cells in the patient’s blood. Moreover, Illumina’s revenue has increased 19% from 2015, making it $2.2 billion of revenue in 2016 (MIT Technology Review, 2016).
Precision or Personalized Medicine for Cancer Chemotherapy: Is There a Role for Herbal Medicine?
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2020
Zhijun Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Rebecca Lucinda Ka Yan Ho, Christopher Wai Kei Lam, Moses Sing Sum Chow
CTC or liquid biopsy is an attractive option for cancer cell culture and subsequent sensitivity testing. These cells are thought to be involved in metastasis and they usually die in the circulation due to circulatory shear stress or the loss of matrix related survival signals. The isolation and cultures of viable CTC are technically challenging, although there are a few reports with low success rates on certain types of metastatic tumor [45]. Its clinical utility is still being investigated at the present time [46].
Precision or Personalized Medicine for Cancer Chemotherapy: Is There a Role for Herbal Medicine?
Published in Shaker A. Mousa, Raj Bawa, Gerald F. Audette, The Road from Nanomedicine to Precision Medicine, 2019
Zhijun Wang, Xuefeng Liu, Rebecca Lucinda Ka Yan Ho, Christopher Wai Kei Lam, Moses Sing Sum Chow
CTC or liquid biopsy is an attractive option for cancer cell culture and subsequent sensitivity testing. These cells are thought to be involved in metastasis and they usually die in the circulation due to circulatory shear stress or the loss of matrix related survival signals. The isolation and cultures of viable CTC are technically challenging, although there are a few reports with low success rates on certain types of metastatic tumor [45]. Its clinical utility is still being investigated at the present time [46].
A review on magnetic polymeric nanocomposite materials: Emerging applications in biomedical field
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2023
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) escape from the primary tumor sites and travel in the peripheral bloodstream. They can be a liquid biopsy to reveal cancer stages and therapeutic response. CTCs are extremely rare (1–10 CTCs/mL) in blood, but leukocytes and erythrocytes are very high (millions per mL blood). Erythrocytes can be easily removed via lysis or density-gradient centrifugation. However, highly efficient capture and release of CTCs is a challenge to avoid leukocyte contamination.
Construction of lung cancer serum markers based on ReliefF feature selection
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Yong Li, Nan-Ding Yu, Xiang-Li Ye, Mei-Chen Jiang, Xiang-Qi Chen
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNA molecules composed of 20–22 nucleotides, which can directly bind and repress the translation of the 3′-UTR of the target gene mRNA (Du et al. 2021). The minimally invasive nature of liquid biopsy allows sequential sampling and can capture genetic changes of multiple tumors simultaneously, with the convenience that it lacks in tissue biopsy (Adams et al. 2022), liquid biopsy therefore becomes a popular research direction. Blood is one of the ways of liquid biopsy. Wang et al. (2022) incubated the collected serum with iron nanoparticles and used laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) for analysis. Finally, a deep learning method was used to construct an early LUAD diagnostic model based on serum metabolic fingerprints. The model has good diagnostic performance and can better classify pulmonary nodules, which can assist in the diagnosis of LDCT to a certain extent. Literature suggests that miRNAs can be excellent markers for cancer screening, and miRNAs derived from tumors can be found in the serum. The convenience of serum samples makes the development of serum miRNA markers so promising (Peng and Croce 2016). Numerous miRNAs have been identified as markers for early cancer screening, and miRNA diagnostic models (miR-125b-5p, miR-28-5p, and miR-29a-3p) for detecting endometriosis have been developed by Vanhie et al. (2019). The high mortality and heterogeneity made it complicated for the early detection and prevention of ovarian cancer. However, miRNAs in serum can be used as biomarkers to detect ovarian cancer (Ghafouri-Fard et al. 2020). miR-195 presents high expression in breast cancer patients, which correlates with lymph node status and estrogen receptor status, and thus miR-195 may serve as a novel potentially useful breast cancer biomarker (Heneghan et al. 2010). Expression levels of miR10b, miR34a, miR141, and miR155 in the serum of breast cancer patients are all upregulated and associated with tumor progression, so they may become novel diagnostic markers (Roth et al. 2010). miR-32, miR-182, and miR-143 are associated with intestinal type gastric cancer, and miRNAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for different subtypes of gastric cancer (Shin and Chu 2014). Aberrant miRNA expression has been found to be closely linked to the cascade of colorectal carcinogenesis, among which miR-17, miR-19a, miR-20a, and miR-223 work as potential biomarkers for colorectal cancer diagnosis (Zekri et al. 2016). These studies stated that the development of miRNA markers was feasible due to the convenience of serum samples.