Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Rehabilitation Computing in Electronic Computing
Published in Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant, Computer Applications in Engineering and Management, 2022
Parveen Berwal, Jagjit Singh Dhatterwal, Kuldeep Singh Kaswan, Shashi Kant
One of the most common causes of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis can be caused by many causes, including smoking, elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and a high cholesterol level in the blood (dyslipidemia). As a result, an index that can measure coronary heart disease using endothelial cell dysfunction would be useful for early detection.
Analysis of Heart Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Techniques
Published in Saravanan Krishnan, Ramesh Kesavan, B. Surendiran, G. S. Mahalakshmi, Handbook of Artificial Intelligence in Biomedical Engineering, 2021
N. Hema Priya, N. Gopikarani, S. Shymala Gowri
Heart diseases or cardiovascular diseases are a class of diseases that involve the heart and blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CADs) like angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). There is another heart disease called coronary heart disease, in which a waxy substance called plaque develops inside the coronary arteries that is primarily responsible for supplying blood to the heart muscle that is rich in oxygen. When plaque accumulates up in these arteries, the condition is termed as atherosclerosis. The development of plaque happens over many years. Over time, this plaque deposits harden or rupture (break open) that eventually narrows the coronary arteries, which in turn reduces the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart. Because of these ruptures, blood clots form on its surface. The size of the blood clot also makes the situation severe. The larger blood clot leads to flow blockage through the coronary artery. When time passes by, the ruptured plaque gets hardened and would eventually result in the narrowing of the coronary arteries. If the blood flow has stopped and is not restored very quickly, that portion of the heart muscles begins to die.
High Power Liga Wobble Motor with Integrated Synchronous Control
Published in D.A. Hall, C.E. Millar, Sensors and Actuators, 2020
V.D. Samper, A.J. Sangster, R.L. Reuben, K. Shea, S.J. Yang, U. Wallrabe
The therapy of atherosclerosis, a type of cardiovascular disease has, in recent years, involved minimally invasive treatment of the arterial plaque found in diseased arteries. This does not require general anaesthesia or a chest incision and has the additional advantage over bypass surgery of reduced cost and decreased hospital and recuperation times.1,2
Study on Fractional Order Arterial Windkessel Model Using Optimization Method
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2023
From section 4.3, it is noted that the FO Wk4 model gives better closeness to the clinical data. Hence, the FO Wk4 model is further used for simulating diseases like atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness. Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries caused by cholesterol plaques (fat, calcium) lining the artery over time. This increases the resistance to the blood flow and can put blood flow at risk as arteries become blocked. Atherosclerosis begins with damage to the thin layer (endothelium) on the wall of arteries. This is simulated by changing the resistance in the FO Wk4 model. When the elastic property of the aorta decreases the stiffness of arteries to the blood flow increases. This increases the pressure inside the aorta. This condition is simulated by changing the capacitor of the FO Wk4 model. The corresponding pressure profiles with abnormalities are simulated and shown in Figure 15.
Estimation of coronary stenosis severity based on flow distribution ratios
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Idit Avrahami, Hadar Biran, Alex Liberzon
Coronary blood flow rate is an important physiological parameter for the diagnosis of myocardial function. The severity of atherosclerosis stenosis can be assessed by either examining visually the arterial lumen geometric anatomy from imaging, or by measurements of hemodynamically based parameters. Functional-based methods, such as the pressure-based myocardial fractional flow reserve (FFR) and the flow-based coronary flow reserve (CFR) (Shalman et al. 2001) are considered more reliable for estimation of stenosis severity (van de Hoef et al. 2014; van de Hoef et al. 2015). However, they require a risky insertion of measurement probes through the lesion, and an extra amount of contrast agent injection (Morris and Gunn 2017). More importantly, it requires hyperemia medications, which significantly increase the procedure time, cost, and risk of side effects (Tavakol et al. 2012; Jeremias and Stone 2015).
Histopathologic and physiologic effect of bifurcation stenting: current status and future prospects
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2020
Anne Cornelissen, Liang Guo, Atsushi Sakamoto, Hiroyuki Jinnouchi, Yu Sato, Salome Kuntz, Rika Kawakami, Masayuki Mori, Raquel Fernandez, Daniela Fuller, Neel Gadhoke, Frank D. Kolodgie, Dipti Surve, Maria E. Romero, Renu Virmani, Aloke V. Finn
Interventional stent implantation is the only therapy that is available to treat severe coronary artery stenosis. However, despite all possible refinements, stent implantation does not cure the underlying disease, so it must be considered a palliative strategy. The underlying cause of atherosclerosis is an inflammatory process, driven by endothelial dysfunction along with recruitment and infiltration of inflammatory cells and deposition of lipids within the vascular wall. Lipid-lowering therapies are able to reduce the atherosclerotic plaque burden up to a point, and several anti–inflammatory treatment strategies have been suggested to limit plaque progression. However, there is no treatment available that is able to change the arteries back to normal, and further research is warranted to identify further potential therapy targets which might include genetic modifications as well as approaches that modify cellular senescence, such as telomerase therapy, or address phenotypical changes that cells undergo as atherosclerosis progresses, for example, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition or the transition of smooth muscle cells to macrophage-like inflammatory cells or fibroblast-like cells.