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Human Energy
Published in Eduardo Rincón-Mejía, Alejandro de las Heras, Sustainable Energy Technologies, 2017
José Antonio Aguilar Becerril, Diana Gabriela Pinedo Catalán, Paola Yazmín Jiménez Colín, Jaime Manuel Aguilar Becerril
Lipids provide a vast source of energy during exercise; their use increases with the duration of exercise. Their metabolism is purely aerobic and as energy substrate save carbohydrates whose exhaustion is related to muscle fatigue in long-duration exercises. Triglycerides from adipocytes are broken by the action of lipase (lipolysis) on glycerol and fatty acids (FA). The former acts as gluconeogenic precursor while FAs are transported to the muscle cell where after suffering a series of changes in the cytoplasm, they enter the mitochondria through a carrier, carnitine, and there beta-oxidation occurs, which results in the formation of acetyl Co-A molecules entering the Krebs cycle with a yield of 12 ATP each.
Amino Acids and Vitamin Production
Published in Debabrata Das, Soumya Pandit, Industrial Biotechnology, 2021
Methionine (if in sufficient amounts) functions as an antioxidant and detoxifying agent. It also helps in the removal of heavy materials from the body and histamine from the brain. It also functions as a lipolytic agent (degrades excess fat).
The effect of 10 days of intermittent fasting on Wingate anaerobic power and prolonged high-intensity time-to-exhaustion cycling performance
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2018
Mohamed Nashrudin Bin Naharudin, Ashril Yusof
The progressive reduction in body mass observed in both experimental groups was as predicted and in line with published data (Degoutte et al., 2006; McMurray et al., 1991; Mourier et al., 1997). Negative energy balance and exercise demand are the main reasons implicated in the reduction in body mass. As the energy intake is reduced, the utilisation of stored energy in the form of body fats becomes fundamental in sustaining basal metabolic rate (Hansen, Dendale, Berger, van Loon, & Meeusen, 2007). This is seen through the daily energy expenditure and meeting of the energy requirement for the exercise test (Hansen et al., 2007). In the present study, relatively greater changes in body mass were observed during the high-intensity session compared to the Wingate session, which could be attributed to a larger energy requirement for high-intensity exercise. During the period of food deprivation, stored triglyceride in adipose tissue is catabolised by lipolysis to fuel exercise activity (Mendes et al., 2013). Especially under prolonged high-intensity exercise, food deprivation triggers greater mobilisation of liver glycogen, increases in gluconeogenesis and the utilisation of free fatty acids, which may explain the gradual reduction in triglyceride as intermittent fasting progresses (Gleeson et al., 1988).
Numerical investigation of multi-pulsed cryogen spray cooling for skin cold protection in laser lipolysis
Published in Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 2020
Hui Xin, Bin Chen, Zhifu Zhou, Dong Li, Jiameng Tian
Overweight and obesity can induce severe chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, angiocardiopathy, cancer, and dyslipidemias [1, 2]. However, physical exercise and dietetic therapy are often unsatisfying in localized adiposity control. Tumescent liposuction is established to reshape body [3], although liposuction may cause complications, such as bacterial infection, permanent sensory nerve injury, and even death due to bleeding [4]. By contrast, noninvasive or minimally invasive laser lipolysis has prominent advantages in the treatment of obesity [5, 6], which can effectively promote fat dissolution; reduce ecchymosis, edema, and discomfort; facilitate local small vessel coagulation; boost collagen regeneration; and improve skin elasticity.
Low- or moderate-carbohydrate calorie–restricted diets have similar effects on body composition and taekwondo performance after high-carbohydrate recovery meals
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
Chin Hsu, Yun-Wen Huang, Shu-Mei Lin, Ching-Shih Lu, Chung-Yu Chen, Chen-Kang Chang
After severe energy restriction and relatively low carbohydrate intake, the participants in both the trials exhibited significantly higher plasma concentrations of β–hydroxybutyrate. Plasma concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and glycerol were significantly increased after body mass loss, indicating elevated lipolysis. These parameters rapidly returned to baseline levels after recovery. The participants in both the trials remained euglycemic after energy restriction despite LC intake.