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Feasibility Study to Relate Arsenic in Drinking Water to Skin Cancer in the United States
Published in Frederick C. Kopfler, Gunther F. Craun, Environmental Epidemiology, 2019
Julian B. Andelman, Margot Barnett
Due to the variable mixing of well waters within Hanford City, it is unlikely that a dose-response study could be initiated with any degree of confidence. Therefore, it was decided that a cross-sectional prevalence study would be most appropriate along with a low-arsenic exposure control population, such as that of nearby Tulare, California, with a 1980 census population of 22,465. For the purpose of the risk calculation, it will be assumed that the control population is the same size, and has age and sex distributions similar to those of Hanford City. A study protocol would include physical examination and verification of lesions by biopsy. Finally, because the more substantial skin cancer risk is expected in the older members of the population, the risk calculations will be made on individuals older than age 35. Based on the 1980 census, the population distribution for males and females above age 35 is shown in Table 3, our total at-risk group being 9309. For this population distribution, baseline skin cancer prevalence was calculated for males and females using NHANES data as discussed earlier and are shown in Table 4.
Segmentation and Clinical Outcome Prediction in Brain Lesions
Published in Shampa Sen, Leonid Datta, Sayak Mitra, Machine Learning and IoT, 2018
Sharmila Nageswaran, S. Vidhya, Deepa Madathil
A lesion can be defined as a region in a tissue, or an organ, which has been damaged through disease or injury. Diagnosis of lesions in real time, using reliable algorithms, has been the main focus of the latest developments in medical image processing. In this area, the major focus of research has been the detection of lesions using MR (magnetic resonance) and CT (computed tomography) images. Usually CT and MRI are used to examine the anatomy of brain lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technology used in biomedical applications to detect and visualize minute details of the internal body structure. This technique detects differences in the tissues, and is a far better technique compared to CT in terms of image properties and quality. Cancer imaging and lesion detection are major applications related to MRI [1]. Since MRI provides more accurate results and does not involve any radiation, it has an advantage over CT scans. MRI is a technology using magnetic fields and radio waves.
Bioimpedance spectroscopy and spectral camera techniques in detection of oral mucosal diseases: a narrative review of the state-of-the-art
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2019
Shekh Emran, Miia Hurskainen, Laura Tomppo, Reijo Lappalainen, Arja M. Kullaa, Sami Myllymaa
Rana et al. [78] divided the patients into two groups where group 1 patients underwent COE and group 2 underwent both COE and VELscope examination. Suspected lesions were biopsied and diagnoses confirmed pathologically. They conclude that VELscope increases the sensitivity (100%) of lesion detection compared to COE only (17%). The specificity (74%) is too low compared to COE only (97%).