China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Articular Cartilage Pathology and Therapies
Published in Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi, Articular Cartilage, 2017
Kyriacos A. Athanasiou, Eric M. Darling, Grayson D. DuRaine, Jerry C. Hu, A. Hari Reddi
Articular cartilage injuries can be caused by a variety of reasons, as reviewed earlier. Since sports or improper loading are implicated, activity modification, weight and body fat loss, physical therapy, and the use of a cane to lessen the load applied on the problematic joint are all nonsurgical and nonpharmacological methods to address discomfort. For instance, weight reduction in combination with strength exercises has been shown to significantly reduce knee pain in overweight and obese individuals (Christensen et al. 2007; Jenkinson et al. 2009). The reduction of body fat, independent of weight loss, has also been shown to be beneficial (Christensen et al. 2005; Teichtahl et al. 2008). Heating and ice applied to the knee show moderate to large effect sizes (0.69 to 1.03) for pain reduction and improvements in function (Brosseau et al. 2003; Zhang et al. 2010).
Survey of footwears in Japanese elderly with knee osteoarthritis
Published in Footwear Science, 2021
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common representation and functional disorder among older adults. Medical alterations to footwear have been largely directed at remediating knee OA and disorders involving insole (Bennell et al., 2011) and variable stiffness shoe (Erhart et al., 2010). Suitable footwear has the potential to reduce knee pain. Conversely, as adverse effects of footwear, dress shoes with moderate-high heel increase mechanical load at the knee joint (Kerrigan et al., 2005) and history of using high-heeled shoes are recognized as risk factors for knee OA which is the most leading cause of knee pain (Moghimi et al., 2019). Improper footwear can lead to painful knee and functional limitations.
Effects of Taichi exercise on knee and ankle proprioception among individuals with knee osteoarthritis
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2020
Xiaoyue Hu, Zhangqi Lai, Lin Wang
As a noninvasive intervention of OA, exercise prescriptions, such as aerobic exercise, resistance training and hydrotherapy, have positive effects on physical function and decrease knee pain amongst patients with KOA (Bricca, Juhl, Steultjens, Wirth, & Roos, 2018; Foley, Halbert, Hewitt, & Crotty, 2003; Holsgaard Larsen et al., 2018; Sevick et al., 2000). Overweight and obesity are associated with metabolic disturbances which may be a systemic risk factor for OA (Stürmer, Günther, & Brenner, 2000). Exercise prescription has been proven to have positive effects on body weight, BMI which may be related to decreased load to weight-bearing and non-weight bearing joints (Messier, Gutekunst, Davis, & DeVita, 2005; Stürmer et al., 2000). Messier et al. concluded that each pound of weight loss will result in a 4‐fold reduction in the load exerted on the knee per step during daily activities (Messier et al., 2005). Taichi is a traditional Chinese mind and body exercise which has been proposed as a potential option for KOA management because of its low impact and intensity (Baker, 2017). As a complementary therapy, the physical component of Taichi includes exercises similar to the current recommendations for KOA, such as range of motion, flexibility, muscle conditioning and aerobic cardiovascular exercise (Jordan et al., 2003; Li & Law, 2018). Li and Law (2018) analysed the 3D joint loading pattern of Taichi and concluded that Taichi movement generated smaller peak ground reaction forces than walking which could help to strengthen the lower extremities and prevent falls in the elderly (Li & Law, 2018). The mental component can address the chronic pain state through the effects on psychological well-being, life satisfaction and perceptions of health (Jordan et al., 2003). Yao et al. (2019) examined the relationship between Taichi exercise and brain white matter, concluded that long-term Tai Chi practice could benefit to the brain white matter. Practicing Taichi may have benefits to prevent age-related brain structural changes (Yao et al., 2019). As mentioned above, impaired proprioception was considered an important risk in disease occurrence and development amongst individuals with KOA. Limited studies have focused on the influence of Taichi on the lower-limb proprioception, such as knee and ankle proprioception of individuals with KOA.