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Running
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Attempting to correct the degree of over-pronation in a runner may not be the correct solution for the medical practitioner. In fact, treatment of such injury-promoting issues requires a careful balance and interpretation of the exact cause of the excessive or insufficient pronation and supination. For example, an excessive pronator may land on the ground in a rolled-over or pronated position (i.e. on the medial (inside) edge of the heel or mid-foot) and then continue to pronate too much and for far too long into the stance phase. On the other hand, an excessive supinator may land on the lateral edge of the heel and then not pronate at all. This athlete may roll outwards on the outer edge of the heel from heel strike all the way through to toe-off. These are two extreme cases of over-pronation and over-supination. Injuries such as patella tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, shin splints, iliotibial band friction syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome are just a few of the many that can manifest from pronation and supination concerns. Of these common running-related injuries, patellofemoral pain syndrome is considered one of the more problematic injuries and it typically presents as an anterior knee joint pain.
Patellofemoral joint kinetics in females when using different depths and loads during the barbell back squat
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2021
Linnea Zavala, Victoria Flores, Joshua A. Cotter, James Becker
Of particular concern is how changing squat depth or load affects the patellofemoral joint. Patellofemoral pain syndrome is one of the most common knee diagnoses, affecting up to 30% of active adults and 45% of active adolescents (Crossley, Stefanik, et al., 2016). Patellofemoral pain syndrome is attributed to elevated patellofemoral joint stress (pfJS), which may occur when large contact forces are distributed over small contact areas (Crossley, Stefanik, et al., 2016). The incidence of patellofemoral pain syndrome is over two times higher in females than in males (Boling et al., 2010), suggesting it may be especially important to understand how depth and load combinations influence patellofemoral joint loading in female athletes.
Cycling with Low Saddle Height is Related to Increased Knee Adduction Moments in Healthy Recreational Cyclists
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2020
Yong Wang, Leichao Liang, Donghai Wang, Yunqi Tang, Xie Wu, Li Li, Yu Liu
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), which commonly develops on the lateral aspect of the patella, suggesting that frontal plane loads may play an essential role in developing PFPS (Wunschel, Leichtle, Obloh, Wulker, & Muller, 2011), accounts for approximately 25% (Bailey, Maillardet, & Messenger, 2003) of all overuse injuries at the knee during cycling. It has been suggested that the non-driving moments (abduction/adduction axial moments) transmitted by the knee are primarily responsible for overuse knee injuries (Gregersen & Hull, 2003; Ruby, Hull, & Hawkins, 1992; Umberger & Martin, 2001). Thus, information on the frontal plane knee loads during cycling may be useful to understand the etiology of PFPS.