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Measurement Method for Orthopaedics
Published in P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino, Non-Invasive Monitoring of Transdermal Drug Delivery, 2022
P. Arpaia, U. Cesaro, N. Moccaldi, I. Sannino
The quadriceps is a large muscle group that collectively is one of the most powerful muscles in the body. It is located in the anterior compartment of the thigh and it represents the main bulk of the thigh. The other main muscles, illustrated in Fig. 6.2, are: (i) the gastrocnemius, the most superficial of the muscles in the posterior compartment which covers the entire posterior leg compartment; and (ii) the soleus, a large flat muscle which is the deepest lying of the superficial muscles, running from just below the knee to the heel and laying immediately deep to the gastrocnemius. It is worth highlighting that muscles thickness strongly relies on the subject sex and muscular tone. The same applies to bones, in fact the average values of bone dimensions in male subjects are about 13 % – 15 % higher than in female ones, as shown in Tab. 6.1.
Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The muscles of most importance for designers are those closest to the surface. Refer to Figure 2.1 (right side) for the anterior view of the major superficial muscles and Figure 2.2 (right side) for a view of the posterior superficial muscles. The sliding muscle filaments initiate the form changes when a muscle is activated, as in the biceps example. Muscle configurations and sizes vary throughout the body, according to their actions and their origins and insertions. Muscles may be relatively tubular, such as the biceps. The trapezius in the back-shoulder area and the pectoralis major in the chest are fanlike and move the arm/shoulder mechanism on the torso. The four-part quadriceps of the thigh, which straightens the knee, is a compound muscle.
The Biomechanics of Throwing Arts
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
The action of the muscular chains for the attacker is the following (start from the left foot level): plantaris has a partial flexion motion of the ankle joint, soleus, gastrocnemius, and tibialis posterior also plantar flexes the ankle joint. The quadriceps muscle extends the knee joint. The hip has a strong flexion action with the following muscles: sartorius, pectineus (a wide and strong muscle), adductor longus, and brevis. When the opponent is thrown, but before landing on the mat, the attacker must pull back the defender a little bit for two reasons:By pulling back the opponent by the kimono, the attacker assures that he has a good control over the opponent and he has the chance to continue his attack on the ground.By pulling back the opponent through the kimono, the opponent will have a safe landing on the mat. Some accidents happen with beginner judoka who just lets the opponent to fly (not holding back the judoka by the kimono). In this case, the opponent will have a very hard landing or injuries can occur, such as muscle strains, ligament sprains, or even dislocations at the area of clavicle and/or neck level. See Figure 10.4a–d, springing hip (Hane-goshi) technique.
Bilateral impairments of quadriceps neuromuscular function occur early after anterior cruciate ligament injury
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2022
Jihong Qiu, Tianzhi Jiang, Michael Tim-Yun Ong, Xin He, Chi-Yin Choi, Sai-Chuen Fu, Daniel T.P. Fong, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
It has been reported that preoperative quadriceps neuromuscular function is a predictor of good functional outcomes and successful return to sports after ACLR. More specifically, previous studies found that pre-operative strength, quadriceps activation failure (QAF) and median frequency of electromyography of quadriceps were related to post-operative quadriceps neuromuscular function, functional performance, and patients-reported outcomes (L. K. Lepley & Palmieri-Smith, 2016; McHugh et al., 2002; Qiu et al., 2020). Thus, restoring quadriceps neuromuscular function is a key objective during preoperative rehabilitation for ACL injury. Progressive quadriceps strengthening exercises were included in all the previous studies during pre-operative rehabilitation(Failla et al., 2016; Hartigan et al., 2009; Keays et al., 2006; Kim et al., 2015; Shaarani et al., 2013). Apart from strengthening exercises, different quadriceps neuromuscular exercises such as perturbation, balance, proprioception, knee stability, and plyometric training were also incorporated into different preoperative rehabilitation protocols (Carter et al., 2020). However, there is still no consensus on the best preoperative quadriceps training protocol for patients with an ACL injury.