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Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Derivation
Published in Deepak A. Lamba, Patient-Specific Stem Cells, 2017
Uthra Rajamani, Lindsay Lenaeus, Loren Ornelas, Dhruv Sareen
Klf4: The Klf4 family of reprogramming factors, belonging to the Kruppel-like factor family of zinc finger transcription factors, has emerged as a key regulator of pluripotency. Klf4 is expressed in moderately regenerative adult tissues such as gut, skin, testis, and intestine (47) and was one of the first reprogramming factors employed alongside Oct4, Sox2, and c-Myc (2,3). Klf4 is also an important component of core transcription network which regulates the expression of Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, c-Myc, and itself (33,48), primarily required for increasing reprogramming efficiencies (49,50). Furthermore, Klf4 has also been shown to interact and act along with Oct4 and Sox2, resulting in the activation of ESC-specific genes such as Nanog and left–right determination factor 1 (49,50). Additionally, it also suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis (51), thereby assisting in reprogramming somatic cells to pluripotency.
Role of Krüppel-Like Factors in Endothelial Cell Function and Shear Stress–Mediated Vasoprotection
Published in Juhyun Lee, Sharon Gerecht, Hanjoong Jo, Tzung Hsiai, Modern Mechanobiology, 2021
KLF4 is expressed in many cell types besides epithelial cells and has been shown to have significant roles in endothelial cell biology [127], vascular smooth muscle cell biology [128–131], macrophage biology [132, 133], and tumor biology [134–136]. In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues identified KLF4 as a crucial factor in generating inducible pluripotent stem cells [137]. Studies from this group and others demonstrate that introduction of Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc, and KLF4 by retrovirus or plasmid can induce reprogram mouse fibroblasts into pluripotent stem cells [138–140].
Dental pulp stem cells in serum-free medium for regenerative medicine
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
Dawn E. Coates, Mohammad Alansary, Lara Friedlander, Diogo G. Zanicotti, Warwick J. Duncan
The retention of stemness in culture is an essential requirement for evaluating and enabling clinical translation. Interestingly, there is evidence that the culture of DPSCs in low or serum-free conditions markedly increases the levels of p75 and HNK-1. These known markers of neural crest cells increased from 2% of cells in 10% serum to 34–58% of cells in low/serum-free conditions (Gazarian and Ramírez-García 2017). It is thus possible that serum-free medium is beneficial for retaining the stemness of DPSCs. The role of Oct3/4, Sox2, cMyc and Klf4 in the production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from somatic cells is well accepted (Takahashi and Yamanaka 2006). That neural crest stem cells can be stimulated to become iPSC with only the addition of Oct3/4 and either Klf4 or cMyc indicates their more embryonic nature (Kim et al. 2008). There is therefore good evidence that a population of neural crest derived stem cells can be found within dental pulp and that serum-free medium may enhance their stemness.