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Gene Therapy and Gene Correction
Published in Yashwant V. Pathak, Gene Delivery Systems, 2022
Manish P. Patel, Sagar A. Popat, Jayvadan K. Patel
ZFNs are already being approved for clinical trial testing (Muenzer et al. 2019). Initially ZFNs were developed based on the ability of zinc-finger transcription factors to recognize a DNA sequence. Zinc-finger proteins have a sequence for DNA-binding activity, which are specific for each gene (Bibikova et al. 2001). The first study was carried out to produce a chimeric protein by hybridizing the zinc-finger domain with a nuclease. It produced a sequence-specific double-strand break (Rouet et al. 1994).
Effect of Pb, Cd and Cu on survival and development of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae)
Published in Chemistry and Ecology, 2020
Ikram Ilahi, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai, Hazrat Ali
During the study of the effect of heavy metals on the adult emergence rate, each metal solution caused a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the adult emergence rate when compared to the control (Table 5). The findings showed that Pb, Cd or Cu contamination in water reduce the adult emergence rate in Cx. quinquefasciatus. Mireji et al. [12] have observed the effect of heavy metals on larval development in An. gambiae. During their study, the female adult emergence rate in control was 84.7%, for Cd treatment it was 16.2% and for Cu treatment it was 18.0%. Metal detoxification is controlled to a large extent by the zinc finger transcription factor called metal response element-binding transcription factor-1 (MTF-1) [33]. In larvae of some insects including mosquitoes, there occur metal-binding proteins called metallothioneins [34]. These are low molecular weight and cysteine-rich proteins responsible for sequestration, homeostasis of metals and detoxification of heavy metals and are produced in response to metal stress [33–35].