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Ecosystem Health
Published in Sven Erik Jørgensen, A Systems Approach to the Environmental Analysis of Pollution Minimization, 2020
More and more environmental managers want to include ecological considerations in their management strategy, so they have asked the following question of ecologists and system ecologists: How can we express and measure that an ecosystem is ecologically sound? The physician attempts to express the health condition of his patient by using indicators, such as blood pressure, temperature, kidney function, etc. The environmental manager is likewise searching for ecological indicators that can assess the condition of ecosystems. Because an ecosystem is a very complex system, it is not surprising that it is not an easy task to find good ecological indicators to give the appropriate information on ecosystem health, although many ecologists and system ecologists have been and are working with this problem. Rapport (1995) uses the phrases “to take nature’s pulse,” “the problem of detecting diseases in nature,” and “clinical ecology” to stress the parallelism to human pathology.
Flavor Development during Cocoa Roasting
Published in Hii Ching Lik, Borém Flávio Meira, Drying and Roasting of Cocoa and Coffee, 2019
The main biogenic amines found in cocoa and chocolate are 2-phenylethylamine, tyramine, tryptamine, serotonin, dopamine and histamine. 2-Phenylethylamine is an endogenous trace amine that occurs naturally in the brain of many mammalian species including humans. Tyramine, 2-phenylethylamine and tryptamine have been considered as the initiators of hypertension and dietary-induced migraines. Serotonin is an essential neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor and plays an important role in the regulation of anger, appetite, body temperature, blood pressure, mood, sexuality and sleep. Dopamine is an endogenous catecholamine that determines many physiological functions, including behavior, nerve conduction, hormone synthesis and secretion, blood pressure and kidney function regulation.
Subchronic Dermal Exposure Studies with Industrial Chemicals
Published in Rhoda G. M. Wang, James B. Knaak, Howard I. Maibach, Health Risk Assessment, 2017
The frequency of sample collection and analysis is the same as for hematology. Tests to evaluate electrolyte balance, liver function, kidney function, and carbohydrate metabolism are considered most important. These tests are generally conducted with serum from fasted animals and include calcium, sodium, phosphorus, chloride, potassium, glucose, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (in appropriate species), albumin, urea nitrogen, total protein, total bilirubin, and creatinine. If lactate dehydrogenase or creatine kinase are determined, it is important to state whether or not isoenzyme analyses are performed. Special measurements such as sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutathione, acetylcholinesterase, etc. may be considered for some exposures.
Health effects of low level exposure to lead among communication radio repair workers at Samutsakhon province, Thailand
Published in Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal, 2021
Manasawee Thongsringklee, Mark Gregory Robson, Wattasit Siriwong
This study aims to determine the effects of occupational lead exposure on health effects. Therefore, binary logistic regression was used to find the association between BLL and adverse health effects including hepatic function, kidney function and blood pressure. The association was adjusted by age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking, milk drinking, seafood consumption, exercise, and working hours because the results showed the difference of age and working hours between two groups. Moreover, BMI, smoking status, alcohol drinking, milk drinking, seafood consumption, and exercise are the factors related to the health effect of the study. In terms of hepatic and kidney functions, the associations with BLL were not found. Regarding to blood pressure, there was a significant association between BLL and hypertension among workers (p-value = .040). The associations are shown in Table 4.
An insight into the effect of Persea Americana as a potassium rich diet on adenine induced renal fibrosis in mice
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Mohamed Shalaby, Nashwa M Abu-Elsaad, Tarek M Ibrahim
Some studies demonstrated that potassium blood level is controlled mainly by 90% kidney and 10% colonic fecal excretion. The fecal excretion of potassium is directly proportional to the impaired kidney function. In case of end stage renal failure, fecal excretion becomes the only route for potassium excretion [5]. The kinetics of the gastrointestinal tract plays a very important role in the regulation of potassium fecal excretion and hence potassium blood level, i.e. slow peristalsis decreases fecal potassium excretion and allows more absorption [5]. This suggests that motility, instead of potassium dietary load, is the main determinant of potassium blood level in kidney impaired patients [6].
Variabilities in concentrations of selected perfluoroalkyl acids among normotensives and hypertensives across various stages of glomerular function
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2021
Jain and Ducatman,12 for the first time, used cross-sectional data to investigate how adjusted levels of PFAAs vary by the stages of kidney function. It was shown that for those who were in stages of kidney function GF-1 to GF-3A, the excretion-reabsorption equation remains in favor of reabsorption. However, for those who had advanced kidney disease or were in stage GF-3B/4, the excretion-reabsorption equation becomes in favor of excretion resulting in decreased levels of PFAAs in serum in advanced kidney disease or at GF-B/4. This leads to the essential questions as to how PFAAs may vary under diseases and other conditions that are known to affect the observed levels of PFAA. Some of the disease conditions that are known to affect and have been invested include diabetes and anemia13 and albuminuria.14 Associations of PFAAs with other chemical agents of interest that also affect kidney function, for example, uric acid have also been investigated15 for different stages of kidney function. The associations between PFAAs and blood pressure/hypertension have been previously investigated1–5 though results have not always been consistent. In addition, variabilities in blood pressure as the kidney function declines has also been a subject of interest.8–10 Thus, variabilities in both PFAAs and blood pressure by stages of kidney function have been assessed as independent investigations but associations among PFAAs and blood pressure across the full spectrum of kidney function has not been investigated and this study has tried to fill that gap. In other words, this study builds upon the work of Jain and Ducatman12,14,15 to investigate how PFAA levels in serum may vary across various stages of kidney function among normotensives and hypertensives.