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Body Systems: The Basics
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Hinge joints flex and extend in only one plane (Figure 2.6). The interphalangeal joints, the two joints closest to the tip of the fingers and toes are pure hinge joints. Both the elbow and knee primarily move with a hinge motion. When you bend and straighten your elbow, you will see there is a limit to the joint extension, much like a hinge. The humeroulnar joint, between the humerus, the large proximal bone of the arm and the ulna, one of the two bones of the forearm, controls this movement. The knee has a similar motion, but is sometimes described as a condylar joint, because the end of the thigh bone, the femur, has two condylar surfaces (knuckle-like prominences). In addition to flexing and extending, knee motions include “gliding, rolling and a rotational component” (Moore et al., 2011, p. 385).
Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
PsD is associated with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), with up to 30% of dermal cases developing PsA. Though any joint may be involved, the distal interphalangeal joints of the hands and feet are most often affected. PsA generally appears asymmetrically in the limbs, sacroiliac joints, or spine. Often it follows the same course as the skin lesions. Active PsA can often be detected by static thermography. Mild isometric exercise increases the thermal contrast over inflamed joints.48 More investigations of the thermal findings of PsA are needed, including studies of the acute and chronic effects of therapy.
Design and performance characterization of a soft robot hand with fingertip haptic feedback for teleoperation
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2020
Min Li, Yueyan Zhuo, Jiazhou Chen, Bo He, Guanghua Xu, Jun Xie, Xingang Zhao, Wei Yao
To perform complex tasks, the soft robot hand needs to generate an adequate range of motion (ROM) and sufficient force to grasp, carry objects, or operate tools. The human thumb has an interphalangeal joint (IPJ), a metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ), and a carpometacarpal joint (CMCJ); meanwhile, each of the other four human fingers has a distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ), a proximal interphalangeal joint (PIPJ), and an MCPJ. In the current study, the soft robot hand contains five fingers with the DOFs of the flexion/extension motions at DIPJ, PIPJ, IPJ, MCPJ, and CMCJ and the DOFs of the abduction/adduction motion between each pair of adjacent fingers at MCPJ.