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Brain Motor Centers and Pathways
Published in Nassir H. Sabah, Neuromuscular Fundamentals, 2020
The inferior colliculus is the main midbrain nucleus of the auditory pathway and receives input from the auditory cortex, from the superior colliculus, and from several peripheral brainstem nuclei in the auditory pathway. It is involved in the binaural localization of sound, in frequency recognition, and pitch discrimination, as well as in the processing of sounds having complex temporal patterns.
Hearing loss, lead (Pb) exposure, and noise: a sound approach to ototoxicity exploration
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2018
Krystin Carlson, Richard L. Neitzel
Studies displaying positive results for auditory dysfunction following high doses of Pb predominately used auditory brainstem response (ABR) and analysis of thresholds or waveforms. ABR can be performed in humans and rodents; five main waves are measured as neuronal signals pass from the cochlea to the auditory cortex in the brain. These main waves comprise an afferent pathway traveling sequentially through five major components of auditory processing: Eighth cranial nerve fibers beginning in the cochlea; eighth cranial nerve fiber upon entry to the Cochlear nucleus; action potentials exiting the cochlear nucleus and projecting to the superior Olivary complex; the signal in the Lateral lemniscus; and finally the Inferior colliculus within the midbrain of the brainstem (easily remembered as the underlined text shows ECOLI) (Jewett and Williston 1971; Picton et al. 1974). Following this succession of action potentials, the afferent signal is sent to the medial geniculate within the thalamus and further to the auditory cortex where processing occurs within the temporal lobe (Bartlett 2013). These last processing steps are essential for understanding and recognition of human speech.
An emergent deep developmental model for auditory learning
Published in Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Dongshu Wang, Yadong Zhang, Jianbin Xin
Based on the above physiological principles, this paper speculates that there is a mutual projection between the superior colliculus and the cochlear nucleus, superior olive nucleus, inferior colliculus, the medial geniculate nucleus. Meanwhile, the superior colliculus integrates the speech context. Taken the auditory periphery and the auditory centre together, this work proposes an integrated auditory model, as shown in Figure 7.