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The Human Immune System Seen from a Biomedical Engineering Viewpoint
Published in Robert B. Northrop, Endogenous and Exogenous Regulation and Control of Physiological Systems, 2020
IL3 is an early-acting hematopoietic growth factor, also known as multicolony-stimulating factor and mast cell growth factor because of its diverse effects in stimulating precursor immune cell growth. It also stimulates B-cell differentiation while it inhibits lymphokine-activated NK (LAK) cell activity. IL3 molecular weight ranges from 14 to 36 kDa. Mast cells under the influence of IL1, IL3, IL4, and IL9 secrete IL3. T-cells under the influence of ILs 1, 2,4, 6, 7, 12, 15, and 16 and TGFβ secrete IL3. IL3 receptors (IL3R) are found on mast cells, B-cells, and some mature granulocytes; mature neutrophils lack IL3 receptors.
Development of a three dimensional (3D) knitted scaffold for myocardial tissue engineering. Part II: biological performance of the knitted scaffolds
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2025
Derya Haroglu, Ahmet Eken, Zeynep Burçin Gönen, Dilek Bahar
In this paper, pile loop knit fabrics made up of 100 denier, intermingled, textured polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarns including 144 filaments in cross-section were selected to create scaffolds for the culture of murine C2C12 cells. The physical and mechanical properties (e.g. Young’s modulus, thickness, morphology, contact angle) of the fabrics were reported in the first part of the study which has been submitted to be reviewed by the same journal. The C2C12 cell adhesion and proliferation were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the cytokines including interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-3, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-23, IL-7, IL-11, IL-27, IL-33, IFN-β, GM-CSF, and TSLP secreted by C2C12 cells seeded on the scaffolds were assessed by multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Nanomaterial-induced toxicity in pathophysiological models representative of individuals with pre-existing medical conditions
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2023
Sreejesh Sreedharan, Georgios Zouganelis, Samantha J Drake, Gyanendra Tripathi, Ali Kermanizadeh
Metabolic syndrome is an established risk factor for development of chronic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular disorders (Galassi, Reynolds, and He 2006). Kobos et al. (2020) induced metabolic syndrome in mice by exposure to a high 60% kcal high fat diet for 14 weeks. Subsequently silver nanoparticle at 20 nm diameter and at a concentration of 2 mg/kg iv via the tail vein was administered to metabolic syndrome mice and animals sacrificed after 24 hr. Silver nanoparticles decreased inflammatory gene expression CXCL1, Il-4, and Il-3 expression in spleen. In contrast gene expression in spleen of TNF-α, CXCL1, TGB-β, HO-1 and IL-4 in healthy mice. It is noteworthy that silver nanoparticles localized primarily in spleen and liver following iv injection. Data demonstrated that metabolic syndrome. which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, influences the inflammatory responses induced by silver nanoparticles.
High yield expression, characterization, and biological activity of IFNα2-Tα1 fusion protein
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2020
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Iram Gull, Malik Siddique Mahmood, Muhammad Mudassir Iqbal, Zaigham Abbas, Imran Tipu, Aftab Ahmed, Muhammad Amin Athar
Tα1 activates immune response in disorders where immune system is ineffective such as hepatitis, cancers, and vaccine nonresponsiveness by maturation and differentiation of lymphocytes.[16,17] It is used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B & C infections and different types of cancer, particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) either alone or in combination with other therapeutics.[18] Tα1 acts on T cells and other lymphoid cells to produce and modulate expression of cytokines such as IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, and IL-15[19,20] to induce expression of cytokine receptors, stimulate cytotoxic T lymphocytes mediated cytotoxic responses[21,22] and also prevents the over-stimulation of immune response by stimulating activity of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase.[23] Tα1 also prevents immune escape of cells infected with virus[23–25] and increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy through up regulation of anti-tumor T cells. It also decreases the side effects of chemotherapy by stimulating activity of regulatory T cells and decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.[26] The use of Tα1 in combinatorial therapies can provide more effective therapeutic strategy in treating cancers and hepatitis in the future.[27] Multiple studies have shown that combination of IFN-α 2 with Tα1 provide a safe and more effective therapeutic approach in cancer and hepatitis treatment.[26]