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Immune System Imaging
Published in Margarida M. Barroso, Xavier Intes, In Vivo, 2020
Michael J. Hickey, M. Ursula Norman
Platelets are the most abundant cell in the circulation, being generated in large numbers on a daily basis. Bone marrow-resident megakaryocytes are responsible for platelet generation, although prior to the application of imaging it was unclear how platelets derived from this large cell located in the bone marrow stroma were delivered into the bloodstream. Junt et al. (2007a) addressed this making use of a CD41-EYFP reporter mouse in which yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), expressed under control of a megakaryocyte-specific promoter, labels megakaryocytes and platelets. They used 2PM to image the bone marrow in the skull of these animals, noting that megakaryocytes were immotile, but predominantly located adjacent to bone marrow microvessels. Dynamic imaging revealed that megakaryocytes extend long proplatelet-bearing processes into the bone marrow microvasculature, exposing them to the shear forces of flowing blood. This leads to the detachment of heterogeneous fragments of these processes into the circulation. This was the first description of in vivo generation of proplatelets, platelet precursors thought to be converted into mature platelets via intravascular shear forces at other locations in the circulation.
Nanoscale Flow Application in Medicine
Published in Sarhan M. Musa, Nanoscale Flow, 2018
As shown in the previous example, flow cytometry is a useful tool for diagnosis in medicine. It can be used for performing blood tests. As noted, in medicine, the widely tested elements in blood are blood cells. However, not only blood cells but also other elements in the blood can be tested. The other commonly tested parameter is platelets. A platelet is the remnant of a precursor cell, namely, megakaryocyte. Platelets play an important role in coagulation hemostasis. A person with abnormal platelets will have a problem of thrombohemostasis where bleeding is the most common clinical feature.
Blood in flow. Basic concepts
Published in Annie Viallat, Manouk Abkarian, Dynamics of Blood Cell Suspensions in Microflows, 2019
Etienne Loiseau, Annie Viallat, Manouk Abkarian
Platelets, around 5% of the cells in blood, are cell fragments engaged along with the coagulation factors in the formation of a blood clot. Platelets are small discs with a diameter of about 2.5 μm. They are produced when large cells called megakaryocytes break into pieces, each one making 2000 - 3000 platelets as it comes apart. Chapter 7 is dedicated to the behavior of platelets, which is also discussed in Chapter 4.
Cell membrane-cloaked bioinspired nanoparticles: a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2023
Anuja Muley, Abhijeet Kulkarni, Prajakta Mahale, Vishal Gulecha
Platelets are a nucleated cell fragments created by megakaryocytes and are most popular for their job in haemostasis. They hurry to destinations of vascular injury and sign other platelets to go along with them in framing blood clots. Attachment and agglomeration of platelets are possible due to membrane glycoproteins and the coagulants inside of platelets causes blood clotting. Because of the innate platelet properties, for example, immunocompatibility, explicit restricting bonding to damaged vasculature and microorganism platelet membranes were utilized to functionalize nanoparticles, for targeted drug delivery [15, 16, 36].